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Secure transmission via transmit antenna selection in MIMO wiretap channels

Nan Yang, Phee Lep Yeoh, Maged Elkashlan, Robert Schober, Iain B. Collings

Published Dec 1, 2012• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose and analyze transmit antenna selection (TAS) to enhance physical layer security in a wiretap channel with multiple antennas at the transmitter, the receiver, and the eavesdropper. We consider the practical scenario of passive eavesdropping, where the transmitter does not have any channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper's channel. In the main channel between the transmitter and the receiver, we select a single antenna at the transmitter that maximizes the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver. At the receiver and the eavesdropper, we consider two combining techniques: 1) maximal-ratio combining (MRC) and 2) selection combining (SC). For non-identical Rayleigh fading between the main channel and the eavesdropper's channel, we first derive new closed-form expressions for the exact and asymptotic secrecy outage probabilities. The asymptotic results accurately reveal the secrecy diversity order and the secrecy array gain. Next, we derive new closed-form expressions for the probability of positive secrecy and characterize the ε-outage secrecy capacity. We show that, under TAS/MRC and TAS/SC protocols, the secrecy outage probability approaches zero and the ε-outage secrecy capacity increases with increasing number of transmitter antennas.

DOI
10.1109/glocom.2012.6503209

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We propose and analyze transmit antenna selection (TAS) to enhance physical layer security in a wiretap channel with multiple antennas at the transmitter, the receiver, and the eavesdropper. We consider the practical scenario of passive eavesdropping, where the transmitter does not have any channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper's channel. In the main channel between the transmitter and the receiver, we select a single antenna at the transmitter that maximizes the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver. At the receiver and the eavesdropper, we consider two combining techniques: 1) maximal-ratio combining (MRC) and 2) selection combining (SC). For non-identical Rayleigh fading between the main channel and the eavesdropper's channel, we first derive new closed-form expressions for the exact and asymptotic secrecy outage probabilities. The asymptotic results accurately reveal the secrecy diversity order and the secrecy array gain. Next, we derive new closed-form expressions for the probability of positive secrecy and characterize the ε-outage secrecy capacity. We show that, under TAS/MRC and TAS/SC protocols, the secrecy outage probability approaches zero and the ε-outage secrecy capacity increases with increasing number of transmitter antennas.
We propose and analyze transmit antenna selection (TAS) to enhance physical layer security in a wiretap channel with NAantennas at the transmitter, NBantennas at the receiver, and NEantennas at the eavesdropper. We focus on the practical scenario where the transmitter does not have any channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper's channel. The transmitter selects a single antenna that maximizes the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver. The receiver and the eavesdropper employ either maximal-ratio combining (MRC) or selection combining (SC) to combine the received signals. For the proposed protocols, we derive new closed-form expressions for the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity. We consider Nakagami-m fading with non-identical fading parameters of the main channel, mB, and of the eavesdropper's channel, mE. Next, we derive new closed-form expressions for the exact secrecy outage probability, based on which the ε-outage secrecy capacity is characterized. Based on the exact expressions, we derive the asymptotic secrecy outage probability which accurately reveals the secrecy diversity order and the secrecy array gain. We confirm that the proposed protocols achieve identical secrecy diversity orders of NANBmB. An interesting conclusion is reached that this diversity order is independent of NEand mE. Furthermore, we prove that under the proposed protocols, the secrecy outage probability and the ε-outage secrecy capacity improve with increasing NA.
This paper proposes a new transmit antenna selection (TAS) scheme which provides enhanced physical layer security in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channels. The practical passive eavesdropping scenario we consider is where channel state information (CSI) from the eavesdropper is not available at the transmitter. Our new scheme is carried out in two steps. First, the transmitter selects the two strongest antennas based on the feedback from the receiver, which maximizes the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the transmitter-receiver channel. Second, the Alamouti scheme is employed at the selected antennas in order to perform data transmission. At the receiver and the eavesdropper, maximal-ratio combining is applied in order to exploit the multiple antennas. We derive a new closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability in non-identical Rayleigh fading, and using this result, we then present the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity in closed form and the ε-outage secrecy capacity in numerical form. We demonstrate that our proposed TAS-Alamouti scheme offers lower secrecy outage probability than a single TAS scheme when the SNR of the transmitter-receiver channel is above a specific value.
The impact of feedback errors on the security performances of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channels is analyzed. For the legitimate MIMO system, two schemes are considered: 1) transmit antenna selection/maximal ratio combining (TAS/MRC) and 2) transmit antenna selection/receive antenna selection (TAS/RAS). The eavesdropper uses either MRC or RAS techniques. We derive closed-form expressions for the exact secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (PSPSC). In order to obtain the secrecy diversity order and the secrecy array gain, on asymptotic SOP expression is also derived.
In this paper, we analyze the impact of the antenna correlation on the secrecy of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channels with multiple eavesdroppers, where transmit antenna selection (TAS) and maximal-ratio combining (MRC) are employed at the transmitter, receiver and eavesdroppers, respectively. For the practical passive eavesdropping, we first develop new and closed general formulas for the secrecy outage probability and the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity to characterize the effect of spatial correlation, and results prove that the enhanced security performance can be achieved when multiple antennas are provided at the transmitter. We then explore how spatial correlation affects the asymptotic secrecy outage probability, and the secrecy diversity order is revealed. Based on these, the results show that when the average SNR of the main channel is relatively low, higher antenna correlation is more perfect to the secrecy. When the average SNR of the main channel is relatively high, higher antenna correlation is more destructive to the secrecy.
In the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, the transmit antenna is selected by transmitting antenna selection (TAS) at the transmitter and Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) at the eavesdropper. Consider the actual transmission situation: the transmitter cannot get the channel information of the eavesdropper’s channel. The main channel between the transmitter and the receiver is selected, and an antenna with the largest instantaneous signal- to-noise ratio (SNR) is selected for transmission. Receiver is a single antenna device. The main channel and the eavesdropper’s channel is independent and distributed Rayleigh channel. In this paper, we derive closed-form expressions of probability and safety outage probability for TAS. Various numerical results are presented that corroborate the analysis.
We propose a new secure transmission scheme in the multi-input multi-output multi-eavesdropper wiretap channel. In this channel, the NA-antenna transmitter adopts transmit antenna selection (TAS) to choose the antenna that maximizes the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver to transmit, while the NB-antenna receiver and the NE-antenna eavesdropper adopt maximal-ratio combining (MRC) to combine the received signals. We focus on the practical scenario where the channel state information (CSI) during the TAS process is outdated. In this scenario, we propose a new transmission scheme to prevent the detrimental effect of the outdated CSI on the wiretap codes design at the transmitter. To thoroughly assess the secrecy performance achieved by the proposed scheme, we derive new closed-form expressions for the exact secrecy outage probability and the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity for arbitrary SNRs. We also derive new compact expressions for the asymptotic secrecy outage probability at high SNRs. Notably, in the analysis, we take spatial correlation at the receiver into consideration. Apart from the advantage of our scheme over the conventional TAS/MRC scheme, we demonstrate that the outdated TAS reduces the secrecy diversity order from NANBto NB. We also demonstrate that antenna correlation improves the secrecy performance at low SNR but deteriorates the secrecy performance at medium and high SNRs, by affecting the secrecy array gain only.