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Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology II

Optical quantum network metrology: from component testing to quantum network metrology

Thomas Gerrits

Published Mar 8, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The presentation will cover our efforts towards the metrology of quantum networks and review the metrology tools developed in our labs at NIST for quantum component and quantum network characterization, including the characterization of single-photon sources and detectors, quantum network node synchronization and entanglement distribution augmented by quantum network management and control.

DOI
10.1117/12.2657189

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The presentation will cover our efforts towards the metrology of quantum networks and review the metrology tools developed in our labs at NIST for quantum component and quantum network characterization, including the characterization of single-photon sources and detectors, quantum network node synchronization and entanglement distribution augmented by quantum network management and control.
As quantum network technology is in the research and development phase, it is essential that robust quantum metrology protocols and procedures based on entanglement distribution be established. To enable that, it will be necessary to develop tools, metrics and measurement methods to characterize quantum network components, both individually, and in their interactions with classical and quantum networks. We present our efforts towards metrology of quantum networks and review a few metrology tools that are already available for quantum component characterization.
We will present our current efforts on single photon quantum metrology using high-efficiency superconducting detectors and high-efficiency single-photon sources based on spontaneous parametric downconversion. Optical power measurements based on single photon counting could establish a quantum standard for optical power calibration in the future. At NIST we are pursuing the development of single photon sources and single photon detectors for metrology, quantum and classical applications. As part of these efforts, we are pursuing the establishment of a measurement service for the calibration of single photon detectors. We present how our calibration is tied to the calibration of our transfer standard optical fiber power meters. Using the beamsplitter method, we have implemented a fiber-coupled and free-space measurement system. Also, we have developed testbeds and measurement protocols for the characterization of single photon sources and single photon detectors. We will review several methods, which allow for the characterization of the spatial and spectral degree of freedom in spontaneous parametric downconversion.
A quantum network will consist of many physically separated nodes connected by quantum communication channels that distribute entanglement between them. Such nodes will require mechanisms for the generation, routing, and measurement of quantum states to fulfill various quantum communication protocols between any two quantum nodes. An aim of our quantum network metrology program is to develop portable, low-cost, robust, and reliable tools that can be deployed anywhere into a quantum network testbed for these purposes. The prototype source and receiver systems described here will serve as benchmarking devices for the implementation of quantum network metrology in real-life testbeds and are, by-design, integrated into a 19” rack to allow for the easy deployment into anywhere with standard networking infrastructure. Measurements performed using this toolset have shown a fidelity of more than 0.98 with a polarization entanglement visibility of 0.97.
Summary form only given. Quantum networks offer opportunities for the exploration of physical systems that have not heretofore existed in the natural world with applications to quantum computation, communication, metrology, and quantum many-body physics [1]. As illustrated in Fig. 1, a quantum network is created by generating and storing quantum states locally in quantum nodes. These nodes interact over quantum channels to enable entanglement to be spread across the network.In my presentation [2], I will provide an overview of quantum networks from formal to physical. I will discuss research at Caltech for the laboratory realization of small networks composed of atoms that interact strongly by way of single photons [3-6]. The goal is to achieve lithographic quantum optical circuits, for which atoms are trapped near microand nano-scopic dielectric structures and “wired” together by photons propagating through the circuit elements. Single atoms and atomic ensembles can endow quantum functionality for otherwise linear optical circuits and thereby the capability to build quantum networks component by component.
We introduce the NIST Platform for Quantum Network Innovation (PQNI) – a new testbed on the NIST campus to accelerate the integration of quantum systems into a real life, active network in a controlled scientific setting. The testbed will be used to evaluate quantum scale devices and components such as single photon sources, detectors, memories and interfaces within various quantum network protocols and configurations for performance, optimization, synchronization, loss compensation, error correction, compatibility with conventional network traffic (often referred to as co-existence), continuity of operations and more.