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Quantum Computing, Communication, and Simulation

Entangled photon pair generation via spontaneous intermodal four-wave mixing in a 25km few-mode fiber

Seyedehnajmeh Montazeri, Mina Esmaeelpour

Published Mar 8, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

High degrees of security have been achieved in quantum communication over fiber using entangled photons. For communications applications, it is crucial to produce high-yield entangled photon pairs (EPPs) with the capacity to transmit them over telecommunication-length fiber distances and the ability to integrate and transmit them over existing classical communication systems. Since spatial division multiplexing (SDM) is currently being demonstrated to replace single-mode communication systems, it only makes sense to demonstrate the generation and transferring EPPs in various fiber modes suitable for generation and transmission in SDM fibers. We experimentally demonstrate EPP formation in a 25-km-long graded-index few-mode fiber (three modes) via the intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) effect. Mode profile and phase matching condition have been confirmed through experiments.

DOI
10.1117/12.2650661

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mode, respectively, via the spontaneous intermodal four-wave mixing in a 100-m-long few-mode fiber. We achieve a coincidence to accidental-coincidence ratio of 28, which clearly indicates the existence of quantum correlation. We also discuss the contribution of spontaneous Raman scattering to the background noise of photon pairs. Our source of photon pairs, compatible with the low-loss multiplexing and de-multiplexing components for space division multiplexing optical fiber communication, can be used for generating higher-dimensional entanglement.
We experimentally demonstrate the various intermodal and intramodal four-wave mixing processes in a few-mode fiber with three modes using non-degenerate pumps. We distinguish the processes by calculating their phase mismatch and identify the intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing process that generates entangled photon pairs in various modes. We achieve this using continuous-wave beams and the seeding technique due to the low efficiency of the spontaneous four-wave mixing effect in the fiber. We seeded the Stokes and anti-Stokes waves and measured the spectral content of each mode while moving the seed away from the perfect phase-matched condition in the fiber under test. We observe that the closer the seed gets to the pumps, the higher the efficiency of the four-wave mixing process.
Four-wave mixing in optical fibers has been proven to have many applications within processing of classical optical signals. In addition, recent developments in multimode fibers have made it possible to achieve the necessary phase-matching for efficient four-wave mixing over a very wide bandwidth. Thus, the combination of multimode fiber optics and four-wave mixing is very attractive for various applications. This is especially the case for applications in quantum communication, for example in photon-pair generation. This is the subject of this work, where we discuss the impact of fluctuations in core radius on the quality of the heralded single-photon states and demonstrate experimental results of intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing for photon-pair generation.
Abstract The theoretical and experimental investigation results of the generation of the polarization-entangled photon pairs operating at visible wavelengths are reported. The generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs was based on intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing (IM-SFWM) using standard step-index few-mode fiber. It was shown theoretically that several combinations of IM-SFWM processes could occur depending on spatial modes of a pump beam. A polarization-entangled photon pair source based on Sagnac loop incorporating a segment of few-mode fiber were then experimentally created. A two-photon interference fringe visibility of our implemented photon pair source were 91.7% and 88.8% in H/V bases and D/A bases, respectively. A quantum state tomography was also conducted to reconstruct the density matrix of the generated state with a fidelity to a maximum entangled state of 93.1%.
Abstract The theoretical and experimental investigation results of the generation of the polarization-entangled photon pairs operating at visible wavelengths are reported. The generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs was based on intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing (IM-SFWM) using standard step-index few-mode fiber. It was shown theoretically that several combinations of IM-SFWM processes could occur depending on spatial modes of a pump beam. A polarization-entangled photon pair source based on Sagnac loop incorporating a segment of few-mode fiber were then experimentally created. A two-photon interference fringe visibility of our implemented photon pair source were 91.7% and 88.8% in H/V bases and D/A bases, respectively. A quantum state tomography was also conducted to reconstruct the density matrix of the generated state with a fidelity to a maximum entangled state of 93.1%.