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Optics Letters

Generation of telecom-band correlated photon pairs in different spatial modes using few-mode fibers

Cheng Guo, Jie Su, Zhenzhen Zhang, Liang Cui, Xiaoying Li

Published Jan 2, 2019• 29 citations
Publisher

Abstract

mode, respectively, via the spontaneous intermodal four-wave mixing in a 100-m-long few-mode fiber. We achieve a coincidence to accidental-coincidence ratio of 28, which clearly indicates the existence of quantum correlation. We also discuss the contribution of spontaneous Raman scattering to the background noise of photon pairs. Our source of photon pairs, compatible with the low-loss multiplexing and de-multiplexing components for space division multiplexing optical fiber communication, can be used for generating higher-dimensional entanglement.

DOI
10.1364/ol.44.000235

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mode, respectively, via the spontaneous intermodal four-wave mixing in a 100-m-long few-mode fiber. We achieve a coincidence to accidental-coincidence ratio of 28, which clearly indicates the existence of quantum correlation. We also discuss the contribution of spontaneous Raman scattering to the background noise of photon pairs. Our source of photon pairs, compatible with the low-loss multiplexing and de-multiplexing components for space division multiplexing optical fiber communication, can be used for generating higher-dimensional entanglement.
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High degrees of security have been achieved in quantum communication over fiber using entangled photons. For communications applications, it is crucial to produce high-yield entangled photon pairs (EPPs) with the capacity to transmit them over telecommunication-length fiber distances and the ability to integrate and transmit them over existing classical communication systems. Since spatial division multiplexing (SDM) is currently being demonstrated to replace single-mode communication systems, it only makes sense to demonstrate the generation and transferring EPPs in various fiber modes suitable for generation and transmission in SDM fibers. We experimentally demonstrate EPP formation in a 25-km-long graded-index few-mode fiber (three modes) via the intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) effect. Mode profile and phase matching condition have been confirmed through experiments.
We report our recent progress in generating and verifying entangled photon pairs in a telecommunication-length few-mode fiber using spontaneous four-wave mixing in a non-degenerate pump configuration. We demonstrate through seeding the desired four-wave mixing effect for pair production in the presence of a strong mode-coupling when using integrated mode multiplexers known as photonic lanterns. The mode content and phase-matching requirements were validated through computations and experiments. We discuss the challenges and requirements for phase matching and photon visibility without modifying the fiber structure. This work represents our first steps toward an efficient tunable source of entangled photons for space division multiplexing applications.
We demonstrate greatly improved results for the production of correlated photon-pairs using the four-photon scattering process in silica fiber. We achieve a true-coincidence-count to accidental-coincidence-count ratio greater than 10, when the photon-pair production rate is about 0.04 /pulse. This represents a four-fold improvement over our previous results. The contribution of spontaneous Raman scattering, the primary cause of uncorrelated photons that degrades the fidelity of this source, is reduced by decreasing the wavelength detuning between the correlated photons and the pump photons and by using polarizers to remove the cross-polarized Raman-scattered photons. Excess Raman scattering could be further suppressed by cooling the silica fiber. Even without cooling the fiber, the achieved 10 to 1 ratio of true-coincidence to accidental-coincidence makes the fiber source of correlated photon-pairs a useful tool for realizing various quantum-communication protocols.
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