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Annalen der Physik

Correlated Two‐Photon Scattering in a 1D Waveguide Coupled to an N‐Type Four‐Level Emitter

Zhen Yi, He Huang, Yan Yan, Lihui Sun, Wen-ju Gu

Published Mar 3, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Correlated two‐photon scattering in a waveguide quantum electrodynamics system consisting of a four‐level ‐type emitter (4LE) sidely coupled to a one‐dimensional (1D) waveguide is studied. In the two‐photon regime, scattering eigenstates of the system are constructed by imposing an open boundary condition and defining the incident state as a free plane wave, which includes a photon–photon bound state that passes through the 4LE as a composite single particle. In the multilevel system, the bound state can be tuned by the interference to generate controllable types of interactions (attractive or repulsive) and interaction strengths. Photon‐induced tunneling (bunching) in transmission and photon blockade (antibunching) in reflection are found in the system. In addition, the scattering photon pair off the system is strongly entangled in momentum space.

DOI
10.1002/andp.202200512

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Abstract Correlated two‐photon scattering in a waveguide quantum electrodynamics system consisting of a four‐level ‐type emitter (4LE) sidely coupled to a one‐dimensional (1D) waveguide is studied. In the two‐photon regime, scattering eigenstates of the system are constructed by imposing an open boundary condition and defining the incident state as a free plane wave, which includes a photon–photon bound state that passes through the 4LE as a composite single particle. In the multilevel system, the bound state can be tuned by the interference to generate controllable types of interactions (attractive or repulsive) and interaction strengths. Photon‐induced tunneling (bunching) in transmission and photon blockade (antibunching) in reflection are found in the system. In addition, the scattering photon pair off the system is strongly entangled in momentum space.
We show that two-photon transport is strongly correlated in one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a two-level system. The exact S matrix is constructed using a generalized Bethe-ansatz technique. We show that the scattering eigenstates of this system include a two-photon bound state that passes through the two-level system as a composite single particle. Also, the two-level system can induce effective attractive or repulsive interactions in space for photons. This general procedure can be applied to the Anderson model as well.
We give exact solutions for correlated two-photon transport in one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a two-level system, using a Bethe-Ansatz-like approach. The S-matrix is explicitly constructed to account for the transport properties of the photons. We show that the scattering eigenstates of this system include a two-photon bound state that passes through the two-level system as a composite single particle. Also, the two-level system can induce effective attractive or repulsive interactions in space for photons. This general procedure can be applied to the Anderson model as well.
We study the generation of strongly correlated photons by coupling an atom to photonic quantum fields in a one-dimensional waveguide. Specifically, we consider a three-level or four-level system for the atom. Photon-photon bound states emerge as a manifestation of the strong photon-photon correlation mediated by the atom. Effective repulsive or attractive interaction between photons can be produced, causing either suppressed multiphoton transmission (photon blockade) or enhanced multiphoton transmission (photon-induced tunneling). As a result, nonclassical light sources can be generated on demand by sending coherent states into the proposed system. We calculate the second-order correlation function of the transmitted field and observe bunching and antibunching caused by the bound states. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed system can produce photon pairs with a high degree of spectral entanglement, which have a large capacity for carrying information and are important for large-alphabet quantum communication.
We give exact solutions for correlated two-photon transport in one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a two-level system, using a Bethe-Ansatz-like approach. The S-matrix is explicitly constructed to account for the transport properties of the photons. We show that the scattering eigenstates of this system include a two-photon bound state that passes through the two-level system as a composite single particle. Also, the two-level system can induce effective attractive or repulsive interactions in space for photons. This general procedure can be applied to the Anderson model as well.
ABSTRACT We investigate the transport properties of two photons in a system consisting of an inverted Y –type four‐level atom chirally coupled to a 1D dual‐waveguide structure, focusing on the two‐photon antibunching effect. By analyzing the two‐photon scattering states, we identified a range of nonlinear effects, including spatial attraction and repulsion between photons, background fluorescence, and the emergence of two distinct two‐photon bound states. The key parameters for controlling photon antibunching are systematically identified. In both symmetric and chiral coupling scenarios between the atom and the waveguides, suitably designed two‐photon inputs can eliminate correlations between transmitted photons. This mechanism suppresses the fluorescence quenching through destructive interference between the two bound states, thereby enabling precise control of two‐photon antibunching.
We investigate the two-photon transport properties inside one-dimensional waveguide side coupled to a cavity. The cavity is doped with a four-level atom. By employing dressed state basis, we show that the atom-cavity molecule produces a nonlinear interaction. The bunching and antibunching of the transmitted and reflected photons can be observed due to the nonlinearity. By tuning the Rabi frequency of the classical field, the transmission and reflection of the correlated photons can be controlled.