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Photorefractive Effects, Materials, and Devices

Multistability by Two Counterpropagating Waves in Photorefractive Media

Wang Jian, Yao Jianquan

Published Jan 1, 1987• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

It has been shown that two-wave coupling in photorefractive media may result in energy transference between the two waves without phase crosstalk. The model might be used to show optical bistability with the feedback of one of the output beams into the input of the other beam.
DOI
10.1364/prm.1987.thc4

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It is known that two-wave coupling in photorefractive crystal may result in an intensity-dependent phase shift as well as energy transfer between the two waves without phase crosstalk. In a sense, this kind of phase shift is similar to the intensity-dependent refractive-index effects in Kerr media. Consequently, optical bistability can be established in an optical cavity with a photorefractive crystal. We formulate the model and get the expected bistable transmission with numerical simulations. Several cases, including that of the codirectional coupling and the contradirectional coupling, are considered. The effects of the photorefractive crystal’s distribution absorption and the spatial phase shift between the index grating and the light interference pattern in the crystal on the nonlinear transmission characteristics have also been studied. It is interesting to note that the output of the pumping wave is dependent on the cavity intensity and thus shows bistable behavior with respect to the cavity input as well.
We show that a certain phase feedback between output and input changes dramatically the characteristics of photorefractive two-beam coupling. The diffraction efficiency of the dynamic phase grating, $\ensuremath{\eta}$, reaches 1 or 0 (depending on the feedback sign) within a finite time for a wide range of experimental parameters. The spatial-temporal behavior of the wave amplitudes is strongly nonlinear and the grating fringes for $\ensuremath{\eta}=1$ or 000 are bended but not tilted. The theory elucidates a number of empirical observations and reveals the great potential of active stabilization for applications.