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Chinese Journal of Lasers

Optical gain oscillation by photorefractive two-wave mixing

宁继平 Ning Jiping, Zhongkang Wu

Published Jan 1, 1993• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Two-wave coupling in photorefractive media leads to intensity-dependent phase shift as well as energy transfer between the two waves without phase interdisturbance with this mechanism, the theoretical and experimental study on the optical gain oscillation has been done by using an optical ring cavity containing photorefractive media. The experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis.

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Two-wave coupling in photorefractive media leads to intensity-dependent phase shift as well as energy transfer between the two waves without phase interdisturbance with this mechanism, the theoretical and experimental study on the optical gain oscillation has been done by using an optical ring cavity containing photorefractive media. The experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis.
It is known that two-wave coupling in photorefractive crystal may result in an intensity-dependent phase shift as well as energy transfer between the two waves without phase crosstalk. In a sense, this kind of phase shift is similar to the intensity-dependent refractive-index effects in Kerr media. Consequently, optical bistability can be established in an optical cavity with a photorefractive crystal. We formulate the model and get the expected bistable transmission with numerical simulations. Several cases, including that of the codirectional coupling and the contradirectional coupling, are considered. The effects of the photorefractive crystal’s distribution absorption and the spatial phase shift between the index grating and the light interference pattern in the crystal on the nonlinear transmission characteristics have also been studied. It is interesting to note that the output of the pumping wave is dependent on the cavity intensity and thus shows bistable behavior with respect to the cavity input as well.
A self-consistent theory is used to derive the frequency shift presented by the oscillating mode in a cavity that contains a photorefractive crystal. A long-time-limit theory has been used to get the steady characteristics of the cavity field. The problem of the weak-field approximation is avoided. This approximation is useless in the case studied because the interaction along the crystal is so strong that one has to take in account the intensity exchange occurring inside the material between the pump and oscillating beams (two-wave mixing). We have fully analyzed the influence of the transverse nature of the beams on the intensity exchange in the two-wave mixing situation. In the photorefractive resonator case, the frequency shift of the oscillating beam is expressed in terms of a ratio that presents poles. The dependence on the problem parameters of these poles is studied and a perturbative method is developed; it is based on the smallness of the transverse overlap between the pump and cavity modes. An analytical expression for this frequency shift is obtained.
Photorefractive resonators exhibit an extremely small frequency difference (Deltaomega/omega~10(-15)) between the oscillating and pumping beams. The observed frequency difference is proportional to cavity-length detuning. This dependence is explained by a photorefractive phase shift that is due to slightly nondegenerate two-wave mixing that compensates for cavity detuning and satisfies the round-trip phase condition for steady-state oscillation. The measured onset or threshold of oscillation as a function of photorefractive gain and intensity agrees with theory.