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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Frequency shifts of spectral lines produced by scattering on spatially random media

E. Wolf, Franco Gori

Published Jan 1, 1987• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

It was predicted theoretically not long ago that correlation between source fluctuations, in general, produces changes in the spectrum of the emitted light.1,2 For radiation from planar secondary sources this prediction was subsequently verified by experiment.3 It has also been shown that the changes may be such as to produce red shifts or blue shifts of spectral lines.4

DOI
10.1364/oam.1987.thf2

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It was predicted theoretically not long ago that correlation between source fluctuations, in general, produces changes in the spectrum of the emitted light.1,2 For radiation from planar secondary sources this prediction was subsequently verified by experiment.3 It has also been shown that the changes may be such as to produce red shifts or blue shifts of spectral lines.4
It is generally taken for granted that the spectrum of light does not change on propagation. This belief is implicit in all spectroscopy. In the last few years it was discovered that while such spectral invariance holds for radiation from commonly used sources it does not hold, in general, because the spectrum of emitted radiation depends not only on the source spectrum but also on the coherence properties of the source. It was found that in some cases the induced changes may be appreciable, possibly resulting in frequency shifts of spectral lines. It has also been demonstrated that similar spectral changes may be produced by scattering on media whose dielectric susceptibility is appropriately correlated.
Abstract : It is generally taken for granted that the spectrum of light does not change on propagation. This belief is implicit in all spectroscopy. In the last few years it was discovered that while such spectral invariance holds for radiation from commonly used sources it does not hold, in general, because the spectrum of emitted radiation depends not only on the source spectrum but also on the coherence properties of the source. It was found that in some cases the induced changes may be appreciable, possibly resulting in frequency shifts of spectral lines. It has also been demonstrated that similar spectral changes may be produced by scattering on random media whose dielectric susceptibility fluctuations are appropriately correlated. Very recently it was shown that under certain circumstances the frequency shifts generated by dynamic scattering may imitate the Doppler effect, even though the source, the scatterer and the observer are all at rest relative to each other. (emk)
The effect of the statistical properties of fluctuating light sources on the spectrum of the emitted radiation has been the subject of intense research over the last few years. It was first shown that due to spatial correlations, the spectrum of light was not, in general, invariant on propagation, even in free space.1 It was also shown that these effects can lead to shifts of spectral lines, a result which is of interest particularly for astrophysics.2 In view of the intimate connection between radiation from localized sources and scattering from media of finite extent, similar spectral changes may also be produced by scattering. In this paper a model scatterer is introduced, whose dielectric response function is a random function of space and time and whose space-time correlation function is a Gaussian function in all its variables. Using the first-order Born approximation, such scattering media are shown to generate frequency shifts of spectral lines that imitate the Doppler effect in its main features. The shifts may be arbitrarily large. Some numerical simulations of such shifts are presented and compared with Doppler shifts.
Statistical correlations of the light emitted by a partially coherent source can produce frequency shifts in the spectrum observed in the far field if the correlation function of the emitted radiation does not satisfy a certain scaling law. A Fourier achromat is used to generate a secondary source in which the degree of spectral coherence is independent of wavelength; i.e., it violates the scaling law. The spectrum detected in the far zone of the secondary source is, in general, found to be displaced in frequency and distorted relative to the spectrum measured at the secondary source. The displacement can be toward the higher frequencies or the lower frequencies depending on the direction of observation.