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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

High-speed optical image processing with rare-earth-doped fluoride glasses

L. Pierre de Rochemont

Published Jan 1, 1990• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Stimulated photon echoes from optically active ions in glasses have long been used to study effects related to the molecular dynamics of the host medium in the immediate vicinity of the active site. Recently, photon echoes have been suggested for use in high speed optical circuitry and in optical memory storage. This technology offers unique systems potential because it permits analog spatial information to be processed at digital-gate intervals. Because active ions can be incorporated into the matrix of a glass in higher concentrations than they can be doped into the lattice of a crystal, amorphous solids are potentially more suitable host materials for these applications than are crystals. In this paper the Judd-Ofelt parameters and the Einstein coefficients are used to calculate the time evolution of population gratings and stimulated echo intensities at 0.8 and 1.22μm from an inverted ensemble of erbium ions in doped (2 mol. %) heavy-metal fluorozirconate glass. A simple mathematical model composed of constant-condition interaction and relaxation sequences is invoked.

DOI
10.1364/oam.1990.mi7

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Mar 3, 2008•1 citation
Stimulated photon echoes from optically active ions in glasses have long been used to study effects related to the molecular dynamics of the host medium in the immediate vicinity of the active site. Recently, photon echoes have been suggested for use in high speed optical circuitry and in optical memory storage. This technology offers unique systems potential because it permits analog spatial information to be processed at digital-gate intervals. Because active ions can be incorporated into the matrix of a glass in higher concentrations than they can be doped into the lattice of a crystal, amorphous solids are potentially more suitable host materials for these applications than are crystals. In this paper the Judd-Ofelt parameters and the Einstein coefficients are used to calculate the time evolution of population gratings and stimulated echo intensities at 0.8 and 1.22μm from an inverted ensemble of erbium ions in doped (2 mol. %) heavy-metal fluorozirconate glass. A simple mathematical model composed of constant-condition interaction and relaxation sequences is invoked.
Rare-earth-ion doped materials are studied for a quantum information protocol, controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening, for storing single photons. Coherence properties of Er-doped silicate optical fibers and Er-doped LiNbO3 waveguiding structures are investigated. Spectral hole burning spectroscopy is performed in Erbium and Neodymium doped crystals and spectral tailoring is demonstrated in Nd³?:YVO4. The preservation of information encoded into the relative phase and amplitudes of optical pulses during storage and retrieval in an optical memory based on stimulated photon echo is demonstrated. Furthermore photon echoes stored in spatially separated optical memories in several temporal modes, are retrieved and then combined at a beam splitter. They show almost perfect interference demonstrating both phase preserving storage and indistinguishability of photon echoes. Finally, we report an interference experiment of spontaneous emission of light from two distant solid-state ensembles of atoms and the resulting high fringe visibility implies that the observed spontaneous emission is coherent.
In this thesis, aspects of the use of cryogenically cooled rare-earth-ion-doped crystals in the fields of quantum optics and quantum information processing are addressed. The experiments and theoretical considerations referred to in this thesis are based on the coherent transient interaction between light and the ions in the crystals. A photon echo experiment has been performed where faint optical pulses were accumulated in the crystal. In this experiment, the possibility of single photons acting as two of the optical fields in the photon echo process was investigated. Different aspects on the experiment, which can be viewed as delayed self-interference of a single photon, are discussed in this thesis. A scheme for the possible implementation of quantum information processing in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals is presented. A key feature in this scheme is that small groups of ions, which can be optically manipulated and which interact in a controlled way, can be extracted from a collection of randomly positioned ions in the crystal host. Initial experimental investigations of the scheme, indicating the possibility of implementing quantum gates, are also presented in this thesis. In another experiment, the application of magnetic fields of up to 5 T was seen to increase the lifetime of information stored as frequency-dependent modulation of the population of thulium ions doped into a YAG crystal by several orders of magnitude. This mechanism might be useful in data storage and information processing applications. An experiment in which the same type of crystal was used as the active medium in a photon-echo-based pulse compression experiment, where microsecond long pulses were compressed to nanosecond duration using frequency-chirped light pulses, is also reported in this thesis.
This report summarizes the results of a 3-year program of research on the physics and technology needed to develop high-performance optical memory and optical processing systems based on the concept called the stimulated photon echo (SPE). The research goals were investigation, demonstration, and improvement of signal strength and fidelity, architectures and algorithms, and materials properties for optical storage and in-memory processing. Key accomplishments were (1) development and demonstration of efficient algorithms for threshold discrimination and bit-error-rate reduction in retrieved binary images with large in-frame and frame-to-frame intensity variations; (2) demonstration and characterization of information storage in Erbium-doped crystals using 1.5-micron diode lasers compatible with fiber optic communications; (3) demonstration of improved phase-encoding schemes for in-memory temporal correlation of 1.5-micron pulse trains; (4) development of concepts for high-performance radar applications based on SPE optical memory for time-delay control of the transmitter array and in-memory image processing of the return signals; and (5) hosting the AFOSR Contractors' Meeting, "Optoelectronic Information Processing."
Optical data storage has been interested in several decades because of the potential of fast access time and high-density storage. Recently volume holographic data storage technique has drawn much interest as new materials and improved techniques have developed.1 However, the large of hologram storage is restricted by low diffraction efficiency and mainly focused to read only memory because of the material's characteristic difficult to rewrite in short time interval. Another optical memory technique (photon echo optical memory)2 based on time-domain has developed since 1980's and made big progress for the area of real time image processing and dynamic random access memory. In this technique, data pulses interfere with timely separated write pulse (reference), and their interference pattern is written as population gratings. A read pulse (reference) retrieves each data pulse information as a four-wave mixing process. The write and read pulse separations are restricted by phase and population decay times of the material, respectively, and storage density is determined by the ratio of inhomogeneous to homogeneous linewidths. Even though photon echo technique has advantages of fast access time (≥ ns) and high-density (≥ Mbits/laser spot), its operating temperature is kept extremely low around liquid helium temperature. This is because that homogeneous decay time rapidly shortens as temperature increases due to phonon interactions, i.e., the ratio of inhomogeneous to homogeneous decay rates is ~ 1 at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) in a rare-earth doped solid, so that restricts its applications.
The possibility of increase of the information storage time in optical memory devices based on the long-lived photon echo in rare-earth ion doped crystals provided that the latter are nanometer ones is analyzed. Taking into account that in such materials the information storage time is determined by the population lifetimes of hyperfine sublevels of a ground electron state it is possible to increase it due to the modification of phonon density of states in nanocrystals as compared to bulk crystals.