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Nonlinear Optics

Generation of nonclassical states of the light by electro-optic nonlinear effects

Wang Yuzhu, Li Yong-Qing, Yin Jiangping

Published Jan 1, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical nonlinearity is an important process for generating nonclassical states of the light such as squeezed states[1] and nonclassical correlation states [2]. We will demonstrate a new type of nonlinearity, electro-optic nonlinearity in a hybrid AOM device, for generating nonclassical states. The electro-optic nonlinearity in the hybrid devices has been widely used in the studies of optical bistability and chaos [3]. The main difference between the hibrid OB device and our squeezing AOM device is that in the OB case the feedback optic-electron signal is in relation to the intensity of the output light, but in the squeezing case the feedback signal is proportional to the photocurrent fluctution which is in relation to the quadrature phase fluctuation or to the intensity fluctuation of the output light.

DOI
10.1364/nlo.1992.tub7

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Optical nonlinearity is an important process for generating nonclassical states of the light such as squeezed states[1] and nonclassical correlation states [2]. We will demonstrate a new type of nonlinearity, electro-optic nonlinearity in a hybrid AOM device, for generating nonclassical states. The electro-optic nonlinearity in the hybrid devices has been widely used in the studies of optical bistability and chaos [3]. The main difference between the hibrid OB device and our squeezing AOM device is that in the OB case the feedback optic-electron signal is in relation to the intensity of the output light, but in the squeezing case the feedback signal is proportional to the photocurrent fluctution which is in relation to the quadrature phase fluctuation or to the intensity fluctuation of the output light.
Ultrashort light pulses play an important role in the generation, manipulation and characterization of nonclassical light. Nonclassical light is often generated from a classical pump beam using a nonlinear optical process. One might expect that the high peak intensity of ultrashort pulses would provide the necessary driver for such processes, and this is indeed the case. Ultrashort pulses have been used to generate squeezed states, and quadrature entangled states via three and four wave mixing, photon number states, polarization and frequency or directional entangled photon pairs states via three wave mixing.
The generation of nonclassical states of light with specified frequency-dependent squeezing by way of introducing a correlation between the phase and amplitude of the input field is considered. Three schemes for measuring amplitude fluctuations of the input beam, based on a nondemolition measurement of the intensity in a nonlinear cubic crystal, the effect of light rectification in a quadratic optical crystal, and the use of a non-degenerate optical parametric oscillator, are proposed. The maximum possible value of noise suppression is estimated for each scheme. The prospects for practical realization of the proposed method for generation of frequency-dependent squeezed states are discussed.
As important members of nonclassical states of light, squeezed states and entangled states are basic resources for realizing quantum measurements and constructing quantum information networks. We experimentally demonstrate that the two types of nonclassical optical states can be generated from an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) involving a periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal with a domain-inversion period of 51.7 μm, by changing the polarization of the pump laser. When a vertically polarized 671 nm laser is used to pump the OPO, the intra-cavity frequency-down-conversion with type-0 quasi-phase matching is realized and the output optical beam is a quadrature amplitude squeezed state of light at the wavelength of 1342 nm with the fluctuation of quadrature component of 3.17 dB below the quantum noise limit (QNL). If the pump laser is horizontally polarized, the condition of the type-II quasi-phase matching is satisfied and the output optical beam becomes Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state of light with correlation variances of both quadrature amplitude-sum and quadrature phase-difference of 2.2 dB below the corresponding QNL.
The standard process for the production of strongly squeezed states of light is optical parametric amplification (OPA) below threshold in dielectric media such as LiNbO3 or periodically poled KTP. Here, we present a graphical description of squeezed light generation via OPA. It visualizes the interaction between the nonlinear dielectric polarization of the medium and the electromagnetic quantum field. We explicitly focus on the transfer from the field's ground state to a squeezed vacuum state and from a coherent state to a bright squeezed state by the medium's secondorder nonlinearity, respectively. Our pictures visualize the phase dependent amplification and deamplification of quantum uncertainties and give the phase relations between all propagating electro-magnetic fields as well as the internally induced dielectric polarizations. The graphical description can also be used to describe the generation of nonclassical states of light via higherorder effects of the non-linear dielectric polarization such as four-wave mixing and the optical Kerr effect.
A theoretical approach has been developed in the Schmidt mode formalism and photon operators in these modes to describe the spectral properties of the light generated in the nonlinear process of sum-frequency generation. A special regime at which the frequency correlations of photons in the output beams are suppressed has been described in detail. The control of the mode composition and spectral properties of the nonclassical squeezed light used to illuminate the signal channel with the possibility of generating a squeezed vacuum at the sum-frequency mode has been demonstrated at this regime.