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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Applications of a semi-self-pumped phase conjugate mirror

Mark Cronin‐Golomb, Amnon Yariv

Published Jan 1, 1986• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We introduce a semi-self-pumped phase conjugate mirror (PCM) in which one pump is externally injected into a ring resonator while the other is self-induced as in a unidirectional ring resonator. One application is in one-way imaging through optical distortions using a phase conjugate window.1 The original realization of the phase conjugate window was similar to an externally pumped PCM and had the disadvantage of requiring a clean pump beam coherent with the distorted probe. This meant that the clean beam had to bypass the distortion, thus limiting the practical utility of the device. By replacing the externally pumped PCM portion of the device with a semi-self-pumped PCM, the clean beam can be self-induced as an oscillation beam. The second application is as a thresholding phase conjugate mirror which would be useful, for example, in some optical associative memories.2 In the semi-self-pumped phase conjugator, the presence of the externally injected pumping beam suppresses buildup of the self-induced pumping beam until the signal reaches a certain threshold intensity.

DOI
10.1364/oam.1986.mm1

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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1991•0 citations
We introduce a semi-self-pumped phase conjugate mirror (PCM) in which one pump is externally injected into a ring resonator while the other is self-induced as in a unidirectional ring resonator. One application is in one-way imaging through optical distortions using a phase conjugate window.1 The original realization of the phase conjugate window was similar to an externally pumped PCM and had the disadvantage of requiring a clean pump beam coherent with the distorted probe. This meant that the clean beam had to bypass the distortion, thus limiting the practical utility of the device. By replacing the externally pumped PCM portion of the device with a semi-self-pumped PCM, the clean beam can be self-induced as an oscillation beam. The second application is as a thresholding phase conjugate mirror which would be useful, for example, in some optical associative memories.2 In the semi-self-pumped phase conjugator, the presence of the externally injected pumping beam suppresses buildup of the self-induced pumping beam until the signal reaches a certain threshold intensity.
A passive phase conjugate mirror based on four-wave mixing in an optical ring cavity is described. Unlike previously demonstrated passive phase conjugate mirrors it generates only one of its pumping beams by nonlinear optical interactions, the other being provided by feedback of the probe after transmission through the nonlinear medium. The results of a theory yielding phase conjugate reflectivity and oscillation thresholds are presented together with an experimental demonstration of phase conjugation in barium titanate and strontium barium niobate. The device is self-starting by four-wave mixing, and has an oscillation threshold lower than that of other previously demonstrated passive phase conjugate mirrors with similar ease of alignment. The operation of a device which generates nonconjugate oscillation beams is also reported.
Phase conjugate resonators (PCR) are optical resonators in which (at least) one of the mirrors is a phase-conjugate one (PCM), e.g. a four-wave mixing cell. These systems are of considerable experimental and theoretical interest, specially in view of their potential to eliminate phase distorsions within the resonator1. In recent work2, we discussed a PCR consisting of a Fabry-Perot resonator with one end mirror replaced by a lossless Kerr medium of infinitely fast response time pumped by two counterpropagating beams of same frequency. We described the PCM within the Raman-Nath approximation3, but including fully the effects of pump depletion. The normal mirror was positioned such as to couple the first order scattered field back into the PCM. We found that this system can break into self-oscillations corresponding to the half-axial modes predicted by linear theories1,4. For higher pump intensities, this is followed by a sequence of bifurcations to chaos, with in general the coexistence of several basins of attraction. We also showed5 that the first of this sequence of bifurcations is in general already sufficient to induce a quasi-periodic motion of the intracavity field phase, leading in practice to its complete indetermination.
The fidelity of the image beam produced by a phase conjugate mirror (PCM) is less when pump beams are not plane waves. On the other hand, high fidelity is a desirable property for most proposed applications, while energy or power should also be economized. We show that PCM fidelity may be characterized in terms of eigenfunctions—and values—of the reflection operator, and optimization may be achieved through use of an appropriate phase filter.1,2 In the present view, the filter has the role of transforming the incident object field into a (near) eigenfunction of the reflectivity operator. An equivalence theorem is presented which demonstrates parallels between the PCM and a certain kind of optical cavity. Perturbation theory applied in the small distortion case leads to an alternative approach to characterization and calculation technique.
Phase-conjugate resonators have several attractive properties for image processing and storage. In the work described here, we demonstrate improved thresholding and storage properties of a phase-conjugate resonator (PCR) by the addition of an intracavity saturable absorber. It can be shown that the resonator will be bistable if (1) the small-signal absorption of the saturable absorber exceeds the small-signal gain of the phase-conjugate mirror, and (2) the absorption saturates more readily than the gain (i.e., reflectivity) of the PCM. Recently, a saturable absorber was used inside a PCR to control the transverse modes,1 but no evidence of bistability was obtained. In our experiment, we used a PCR bounded at one end by a conventional mirror and at the other end by an externally pumped BaTiO3 PCM. The saturable absorber was a solid film of fluorescein- doped boric acid glass.2 By adjustment of the total intensity and beam ratio at the PCM, we were able to demonstrate bistability. The input in our experiment was an incoherent control beam incident noncollinearly onto the intracavity saturable absorber. In the absence of a control beam, no oscillation was observed. When the control beam was turned on, the resonator switched to the on state in ~5 sec. The control beam could then be removed, and the cavity oscillation continued. To return to the off state, the resonator path was blocked.