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Nonlinear Optics

Demonstration of a phase conjugate resonator using degenerate four-wave mixing via coherent population trapping in rubidium

X. Xia, D. S. Hsiung, Timothy T. Grove, M. S. Shahriar

Published Nov 27, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical phase conjugation (OPC) is of interest for many applications such as optical resonators, high speed turbulence correction, and the production of the squeezed vacuum state. In the interest of practical implementation of OPC, the simplest method is to produce a phase conjugate mirror (PCM). In the work we have used the PCM as well as the gain associated with the OPC to form a ring laser.

DOI
10.1109/nlo.1998.710271

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•May 1, 1998•0 citations
Optical phase conjugation (OPC) is of interest for many applications such as optical resonators, high speed turbulence correction, and the production of the squeezed vacuum state. In the interest of practical implementation of OPC, the simplest method is to produce a phase conjugate mirror (PCM). In the work we have used the PCM as well as the gain associated with the OPC to form a ring laser.
Summary form only given. Previously, we have used four-wave mixing via coherent population trapping to achieve optical phase conjugation (OPC) with high gain, using two dye lasers and a sodium vapor cell. The /spl Lambda/ transition used involved the two hyperfine ground states and one excited state, so that two different optical frequencies were needed to satisfy the two-photon resonant condition between the probe and one of the pump beams. Later, we demonstrated in rubidium that a single hyperfine transition with Zeeman sublevels is enough to achieve OPC with equally high gain, thus eliminating the need for high-frequency sideband generation. However, in order to guarantee that the diffraction from the grating is primarily dispersive, the backward pump beam had to be detuned by about 60 MHz from the probe and the forward pump. One of the key disadvantages of such a nondegenerate scheme is that applications such as phase-conjugate mirrors are hard to implement. Here, we report the observation of optical phase conjugation in rubidium with equally high gain, but all the frequencies are degenerate.
Optical phase conjugation (OPC) is of interest for many applications. The generation of squeezed light, phase-conjugate mirrors, optical correlation, and turbulence correction would all benefit from improved OPC performance. Using Zeeman sublevels and cross-circularly polarized light in rubidium vapor, we demonstrate an OPC process that uses very low power (30 mW) but is still very fast (60 ns) and efficient (gain of 20). This process is generic enough to be applicable to almost any resonant medium.
We construct a phase-conjugate resonator which passively produces stable pulses that alternate between the probe and the conjugate colors. The requisite phase-conjugate mirror inside the resonator is constructed using non-degenerate four-wave mixing (4WM) in rubidium vapor. The glancing-angle phase-conjugate mirror is a 100% output coupler, and therefore this resonator is unusual in that no light circulates the cavity more than once. Without the gain of the phase-conjugate mirror, the cavity boundary conditions, and thus resonant modes, are not defined and therefore can be tuned by the pump. The output of the optical parametric oscillator that is formed above threshold can passively mode-lock. The phase-conjugate mirror removes thermal or acoustic instabilities that are on a MHz or slower timescale. This work provides a new method for stable pulsing using phase-conjugate optics, and suggests a platform for producing mode-locked pulses with squeezed light, as the 4WM process has already demonstrated quantum correlations.
We introduce a semi-self-pumped phase conjugate mirror (PCM) in which one pump is externally injected into a ring resonator while the other is self-induced as in a unidirectional ring resonator. One application is in one-way imaging through optical distortions using a phase conjugate window.1 The original realization of the phase conjugate window was similar to an externally pumped PCM and had the disadvantage of requiring a clean pump beam coherent with the distorted probe. This meant that the clean beam had to bypass the distortion, thus limiting the practical utility of the device. By replacing the externally pumped PCM portion of the device with a semi-self-pumped PCM, the clean beam can be self-induced as an oscillation beam. The second application is as a thresholding phase conjugate mirror which would be useful, for example, in some optical associative memories.2 In the semi-self-pumped phase conjugator, the presence of the externally injected pumping beam suppresses buildup of the self-induced pumping beam until the signal reaches a certain threshold intensity.
We have demonstrated a ring cavity layer using the gain mechanism of a four-wave mixing process, mediated by two-photon Zeeman coherence resulting from coherent population trapping in a rubidium vapor cell. The cell acts as an amplifying phase conjugate mirror at one corner of the ring cavity. Even though the fundamental process requires non-degeneracy between the probe and the conjugate in the atom's frame, they are degenerate in the laboratory frame, via selection of a moving band of atoms for the gratings. As such, no frequency shifting is necessary in the cavity. The polarization orthogonality of the probe and the conjugate is compensated by an intra-cavity quarter wave plate.