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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Noise effects on the transmission of optical solitons

J. P. Gordon

Published Jan 1, 1991• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

I will discuss the limits imposed by noise on the long-distance transmission of information via optical solitons. Phase noise prohibits the use of phase sensitive systems. Amplitude (energy) noise and timing noise (the Gordon-Haus effect) yield limitations on the information rate. The recent idea of soliton guiding using filters in the line reduces the soliton fluctuations at the expense of increased background noise.

DOI
10.1364/oam.1991.mrr1

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I will discuss the limits imposed by noise on the long-distance transmission of information via optical solitons. Phase noise prohibits the use of phase sensitive systems. Amplitude (energy) noise and timing noise (the Gordon-Haus effect) yield limitations on the information rate. The recent idea of soliton guiding using filters in the line reduces the soliton fluctuations at the expense of increased background noise.
We study the possibility of employing phase-sensitive parametric amplifiers to compensate for losses incurred by solitons propagating in optical fibers. As phase-sensitive amplification is free from the excess spontaneous noise associated with laser amplifiers, the only quantum noise source in such a system arises from the fiber losses. In addition, under phase-sensitive amplification, fluctuations in the soliton frequency are squeezed to one half of the vacuum level, thus producing a negligible contribution to the fluctuations in the soliton arrival time. This greatly reduces the Gordon–Haus jitter of the solitons. The performance of the phase-sensitive amplifier is compared with that of alternative noise-reduction schemes employing phase-insensitive amplifiers and spectral filters as well as with the limits on long-distance data transmission imposed by quantum mechanics.
The usual view of a soliton in an optical fiber is that it obeys the classical Maxwell equations, and propagates unchanged down a lossless fiber. Of course, it is well known that an optical amplifier introduces noise in position. It is less well known that even a perfectly lossless fiber, without an amplifier, is unable to support the classical invariant solution. Instead, all solitons experience quantum noise in position and phase, and this noise increases with propagation distance. Experimenters at IBM laboratories have recently observed the first quantum effects in solitons. These experiments focussed on quadrature squeezing, and were able to detect the large increase in phase-quadrature noise that is predicted quantum-mechanically. In this paper we treat the effects of pulse-position noise, and indicate how this noise source can limit information transmission using solitons. While these effects are small in currently proposed communication systems, they place a fundamental limit on future enhancements of soliton communications using pulse-position modulation. Of most scientific interest is the macroscopic nature of the quantum fluctuations, which can alter the location of a huge number of cooperatively positioned photons, and possible implications for QND momentum measurements.
The bit error rate (BER) performance of an optical soliton communication system is analyzed. Based on the jitter variance equation and the chi-square distribution for the amplified spontaneous emission noise, an analytic expression for the BER calculation is obtained. We have investigated the effects of Gordon-Haus jitter, which is due to the random phase shift of the soliton individual central wavelength induced by the amplified spontaneous emission noise of the amplifiers. Very good agreement has been obtained between our theory and the reported experimental results.