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Fiber & Integrated Optics

Effects of gordon-haus jitter on soliton transmission

Perry Ping Shum, Hooshang Ghafouri‐Shiraz

Published Jan 1, 1997• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The bit error rate (BER) performance of an optical soliton communication system is analyzed. Based on the jitter variance equation and the chi-square distribution for the amplified spontaneous emission noise, an analytic expression for the BER calculation is obtained. We have investigated the effects of Gordon-Haus jitter, which is due to the random phase shift of the soliton individual central wavelength induced by the amplified spontaneous emission noise of the amplifiers. Very good agreement has been obtained between our theory and the reported experimental results.

DOI
10.1080/01468039708221271

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The bit error rate (BER) performance of an optical soliton communication system is analyzed. Based on the jitter variance equation and the chi-square distribution for the amplified spontaneous emission noise, an analytic expression for the BER calculation is obtained. We have investigated the effects of Gordon-Haus jitter, which is due to the random phase shift of the soliton individual central wavelength induced by the amplified spontaneous emission noise of the amplifiers. Very good agreement has been obtained between our theory and the reported experimental results.
We study the possibility of employing phase-sensitive parametric amplifiers to compensate for losses incurred by solitons propagating in optical fibers. As phase-sensitive amplification is free from the excess spontaneous noise associated with laser amplifiers, the only quantum noise source in such a system arises from the fiber losses. In addition, under phase-sensitive amplification, fluctuations in the soliton frequency are squeezed to one half of the vacuum level, thus producing a negligible contribution to the fluctuations in the soliton arrival time. This greatly reduces the Gordon–Haus jitter of the solitons. The performance of the phase-sensitive amplifier is compared with that of alternative noise-reduction schemes employing phase-insensitive amplifiers and spectral filters as well as with the limits on long-distance data transmission imposed by quantum mechanics.
The probability density function (PDF) of photoelectron counts is investigated theoretically for a fundamental soliton corrupted by the spontaneous-emission noise that is generated by optical amplifiers employed along a fiber-optic transmission line. An analysis based on the orthogonal expansion of the light amplitude makes it possible to find the exact PDF that includes the influence of the soliton width, the hyperbolic-secant pulse shape, and a Lorentzian bandpass optical filter. The derived PDF is applicable to any cascaded chain of amplifiers and, as a practical example, is calculated for a receiver equipped with an optical preamplifier. The pulse width significantly affects photoelectron statistics when the product of the filter bandwidth and the counting interval is small. By comparing our exact PDF with the commonly used approximate Gaussian and Laguerre PDFs, we find that such approximations introduce large errors (by several orders of magnitude) in the tail of the PDF that is relevant for calculation of bit error rates in soliton communication systems.
Spontaneous emission noise limits the capacity and range of photonic communications systems that use linear optical amplifiers. We consider here the question of phase detection in such systems. Amplitude-to-phase-noise conversion occurs owing to the nonlinear Kerr effect in the transmission fiber, resulting in optimal phase noise performance when the nonlinear phase shift of the system is approximately 1 rad. Error-free state-of-the-art systems that use phase detection at multigigabit rates are thereby limited to a range of a few thousand kilometers.
The noise of spontaneous emission of a short pulse propagating in a fiber with losses is translated into frequency jitter, causing exponential growth of jitter. This is in contrast with a classical treatment in which the jitter remains constant. Absorption-induced frequency noise continuously affects timing through group-velocity dispersion, and the accumulated timing jitter is therefore always larger than when it is evaluated classically. This numerical discrepancy is demonstrated to be considerable and points to the importance of including quantum effects in estimations of noise in high-bit-rate communications.