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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Squeezed amplification with cavity detunings: mean-field behavior

Ke-Xun Sun, N. C. Wong, Jeffrey H. Shapiro

Published Jan 1, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical parametric amplifiers (OPA's) can exhibit squeezed amplification when an injected signal beam is used to elicit small-signal gain saturation. This paper extends previous work on OPA mean-field behavior under signal injection. Doubly resonant and triply resonant, single-ended cavities are considered in the good-cavity limit. Owing to the nonlinear coupling between the signal and idler beams within the cavity, both are sensitive to the detuning of each beam from its respective resonance. Signal and idler output mean fields are found by solving the nonlinear coupled-mode equations and are numerically evaluated for a variety of detunings and injection levels. Gain saturation is shown to occur for both beams and to be dependent on the cavity detunings. Comparisons are made with experimental results obtained from a doubly resonant MgO-doped, LiNbO3 OPA/OPO.

DOI
10.1364/oam.1992.fjj5

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Recently optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) with vacuum inputs have been extensively studied and shown to generate a significant amount of squeezing, but little is known about the quantum noise behavior of an OPA with an injected signal field. We have performed a linearized quantum analysis of a nondegenerate OPA operated in the saturated gain regime showing that the amplified output intensity of a coherent-state input signal becomes squeezed when the classical small-signal gain falls below unity. In uses such as master-oscillator power amplifiers, for which the signal of interest is the mean output intensity, the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be higher than the input SNR over a broad operating range. For an OPA pumped at 90% of threshold, the SNR improvement is about a factor of 3, and with a 10-Db amplitude squeezed pump, the improvement increases to about a factor of 7. Such a tunable gain-saturated OPA with large-signal gain and improved SNR can be potentially useful in digital communication.
A squeezed vacuum field can be amplified or deamplified when it is injected, as the signal beam, into a phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifier (OPA) inside an optical cavity. The spectral features of the reflected quantized signal field are controlled by the relative phase between the injected squeezed vacuum field and the pump field for the OPA. The experimental results demonstrate coherent phenomena of OPA in the quantum regime and show phase-sensitive manipulations of quantum fluctuations for quantum information processing.
Optical parametric amplification is a crucial technology for the production of continuous-wave squeezed vacuum, which is now applied to gravitational-wave interferometry and other highly sensitive measurements of optical phase. The amplifiers employed in gravitational-wave detection are resonantly enhanced with optical cavities, which introduces nontrivial dynamics to their operation and requires a frequency-domain model of the relations between optical fields. In this work, input-output relations between optical fields entering, circulating in, and exiting a model amplifier are solved directly to produce frequency-domain relations that fully incorporate the cavity dynamics. We also provide low-order zero-pole-gain expansions for these relations to facilitate their analysis from a feedback control perspective. In the limit of small cavity decay rates, our relations are shown to reduce to relations previously derived under a Hamiltonian formalism. Expressions for amplifier figures of merit and for squeezed quadrature variances are also analyzed. Along the way, we examine how information about the amplifier performance can be extracted from the frequency dependence of the input-output relations, providing characterization methods that are complementary to methods that examine the static amplifier behavior.
We investigate the effects of cavity detuning on squeezing in the generation of the squeezed light at 1064 nm with a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA) based on a periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal. We theoretically analyze several effects that lead to cavity detuning, including the displacement and tilt of the incident laser light and the cavity length fluctuations of the OPA. To reduce the influence of the cavity detuning and increase the degree of generated quantum noise reduction, a side-of-fringe locking technique is applied to achieve the resonance between the OPA cavity and the injected laser beam. The experimental results show that the transmitted power through the locked cavity is increased and the cavity detuning is greatly suppressed. After locking of the cavity, we could expect to get a value for the control loop with an accuracy of 10−9 and the locking time is not less than 2 h, which paves the way for the preparation of the squeezed light.