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Electronics

Covert Communication for Integrated Satellite–Terrestrial Relay Networks with Cooperative Jamming

Zeke Wu, Kefeng Guo, Shibing Zhu

Published Feb 17, 2023• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We explore the influence of cooperative jamming on covert communication for integrated satellite–terrestrial relay networks (ISTRN) in this article, where one full-duplex relay is utilized to support communications and acts as a jammer to confuse eavesdroppers. A cooperative scheme is first proposed to efficiently achieve covert communication in this specific scenario. Further, the probability of detection error (PDE) is derived. Subsequently, the minimum PDE is calculated using the optimal detection threshold. Moreover, a closed-form expression of outage probability (OP) is acquired to quantify the system’s covert performance. Based on this, we design a power optimization algorithm to enhance the effective covert rate under covertness constraints. Lastly, numerical simulation results are given to verify the efficiency of our cooperative jamming scheme when interrupting the eavesdroppers. Notably, an optimal power allocation factor can be obtained, leading to a higher effective covert rate.

DOI
10.3390/electronics12040999

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We explore the influence of cooperative jamming on covert communication for integrated satellite–terrestrial relay networks (ISTRN) in this article, where one full-duplex relay is utilized to support communications and acts as a jammer to confuse eavesdroppers. A cooperative scheme is first proposed to efficiently achieve covert communication in this specific scenario. Further, the probability of detection error (PDE) is derived. Subsequently, the minimum PDE is calculated using the optimal detection threshold. Moreover, a closed-form expression of outage probability (OP) is acquired to quantify the system’s covert performance. Based on this, we design a power optimization algorithm to enhance the effective covert rate under covertness constraints. Lastly, numerical simulation results are given to verify the efficiency of our cooperative jamming scheme when interrupting the eavesdroppers. Notably, an optimal power allocation factor can be obtained, leading to a higher effective covert rate.
This paper addresses the secure transmission problem of an integrated satellite-terrestrial relay networks (ISTRN), where multiple malicious eavesdroppers attempt to overhear the confidential signals from the satellite to a terrestrial user. Here, the relay is employed with multiple antenna and the decode-and-forward protocol is used. By supposing that the perfect instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of satellite-relay link and the statistical CSI of relay-user and relay-eavesdropper links are available at the relay, an optimization problem is first formulated to maximize the secrecy rate of the ISTRN. Then, the secure transmission scheme is designed to solve the optimization problem and obtain the closed-form beamforming weight vector. To further insight the secrecy performance of the proposed scheme, we derive the analytical expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the considered ISTRN, where the satellite-relay link undergoes the shadowed-Rician fading, and the links of relay to user as well as eavesdroppers undergo the correlated Rayleigh fading. Finally, numerical results are given to confirm the superiority of the proposed scheme and the validity of the SOP analysis.
To integrate the satellite communications with the LTE/5G services, the concept of Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Relay Networks (HSTRNs) has been proposed. In this paper, we investigate the secure transmission in a HSTRN where the eavesdropper can wiretap the transmitted messages from both the satellite and the intermediate relays. To effectively protect the message from wiretapping in these two phases, we consider cooperative jamming by the relays, where the jamming signals are optimized to maximize the secrecy rate under the total power constraint of relays. In the first phase, the Maximal Ratio Transmission (MRT) scheme is used to maximize the secrecy rate, while in the second phase, by interpolating between the sub-optimal MRT scheme and the null-space projection scheme, the optimal scheme can be obtained via an efficient one-dimensional searching method. Simulation results show that when the number of cooperative relays is small, the performance of the optimal scheme significantly outperforms that of MRT and null-space projection scheme. When the number of relays increases, the performance of the null-space projection approaches that of the optimal one.
In this paper, we investigate covert communication where the relay and the jammer are jointly selected. It is demonstrated that the improvement of covert communication performance can be achieved under the proposed maximum-and-minimum-selection (MMS) scheme. Specifically, the relay with maximal channel gain to the legitimate destination (Bob) is selected to forward the covert signal when the jammer with minimal channel gain to Bob sends artificial noise to confuse the warden (Willie). We derive the expressions of detection error probability and effective covert rate in closed-form. Based on the derivations, the transmit power of relay is optimized to further improve the covert communication performance. The simulation shows that the effective covert rate cannot always be improved by increasing the number of relay, and there exists an optimal jamming power to maximize the effective covert rate.
Jamming antenna selection (JAS) serves as a low-complexity approach to enhance covert communication in Internet of Things (IoT) networks subject to stringent energy and computational limitations. Unlike conventional JAS strategies that assume a fully cooperative jammer selecting a single antenna for artificial noise transmission, this work investigates the optimal number of selected jamming antennas to maximize covert performance with a limited-cooperation jammer. In the considered scenario, the jammer does not provide the necessary cooperation, which prevents the legitimate receiver from acquiring the jammer–receiver channel state information (CSI). According to the degree of CSI availability at the jammer, two practical JAS schemes, random JAS (RJAS) and minimum JAS (MJAS), are investigated to effectively impair the warden’s detection performance. Closed-form expressions are derived for the warden’s expected minimum detection error probability and the legitimate receiver’s transmission outage probability, with the latter evaluated under interference-limited conditions. Leveraging these results, an optimization framework is developed to jointly determine the transmit power, transmission rate, and number of selected jamming antennas to maximize the effective covert rate. Numerical results illustrate that the effective covert rate under the RJAS strategy increases monotonically with the number of selected antennas, whereas the effective covert rate under the MJAS strategy is maximized when selecting two antennas. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes and highlight the significant covert performance gains achieved by employing multiple jamming antennas in IoT networks with limited cooperation.
In this study, the authors investigate the secure transmission of a cooperative network, in which a source communicates with a destination via multiple cooperative nodes in the presence of a full‐duplex active eavesdropper, which can intercept the confidential signals and transmit jamming signals simultaneously. To safeguard the security of legitimate communication, two joint relay and jammer selection schemes are proposed according to the availability of the eavesdropper's channel state information, namely, optimal relay and random jammer selection scheme and optimal relay and optimal jammer selection scheme. The authors first derive the exact closed‐form expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) for different selection schemes. Aiming at minimising SOP, they then adopt the deep feedforward neural network to determine the optimal power allocation between the selected relay and jammer. Further, the asymptotic expressions for SOP in the high signal‐to‐noise ratio regime are derived. Numerical results verify the analysis and demonstrate the performance advantage of the proposed scheme over conventional relay selection scheme with optimal power allocation.
This paper studies a scheme of optimal relay selection with cooperative jamming and optimal power allocation factor between forwarding relay and jammer.The traditional optimal relay selection scheme selects an optimal relay node to assist forward source information.Based on legitimate user and eavesdropper instantaneous channel state information, the proposed scheme selects two relay nodes to increase security against eavesdropper.The first relays to forward source information as traditional scheme.The second relays to send artificial noise as a friendly jammer.The relay operates in Decode-and-Forward strategy.The closed form expression of secrecy outage probability is derived.In addition, the optimal power allocation factor is given when the total relay transmit power is constrained.The simulation results verify that the proposed scheme can significantly improve system security performance compared with the traditional scheme.,