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High Resolution Spectroscopy

Velocity Selection Technique for High-Resolution Spectroscopy

Eugeny Korsunsky, Dmitry V. Kosachiov, Yu. Rozhdestvensky

Published Jan 1, 1993• 0 citations
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Abstract

It is known [1-3], that the samples of atoms with a velocity spread much lower than the recoil velocity uR= ħk/M (k is the wave number of exciting light field, M is the mass of atom) can be obtained by use of velocity selection with stimulated Raman transitions. A theoretical analysis of the velocity selection method is presented in [2,3]. So, it was shown in [2] that the formation of such narrow velocity structures is performed not only by the counterpropagating, but also by co-propagating light waves. This fact allows to form the two-dimensional velocity distribution of the widths δvx,y « uR by the velocity selection technique using laser configuration as in Fig. 1b.

DOI
10.1364/hrs.1993.wb5

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It is known [1-3], that the samples of atoms with a velocity spread much lower than the recoil velocity uR= ħk/M (k is the wave number of exciting light field, M is the mass of atom) can be obtained by use of velocity selection with stimulated Raman transitions. A theoretical analysis of the velocity selection method is presented in [2,3]. So, it was shown in [2] that the formation of such narrow velocity structures is performed not only by the counterpropagating, but also by co-propagating light waves. This fact allows to form the two-dimensional velocity distribution of the widths δvx,y « uR by the velocity selection technique using laser configuration as in Fig. 1b.
We report on the use of a stimulated Raman transition in a slowed atomic beam to produce a narrow velocity distribution of atoms in a selected electronic state, which could be used for atomic collisions studies in the low temperature regime(1). The velocity selection is part of the deceleration process and in this sense it is unique. The atomic beam is decelerated by the radiation pressure force exerted on the atoms by a counter- propagating laser beam. The resonance condition is maintained along the deceleration path because the changing Doppler shift is compensated by Zeeman tuning the electronic sublevels(2) with a spatialy inhomogneous magnetic field. At the end of the slowing process, the initial Maxwell-Boltzman distribution is compressed to a narrow velocity distribution (Δv ~ 50 m/s), centered close to v = 0. This velocity bunching(3) increases considerably the number of atoms in each velocity class, allowing the use of velocity selection techniques as a feasible way of studying low velocity collisions.
The use of highly monochromatic light permits the selective excitation of atoms in vapors if excitation and detection of the fluorescence is carried out collinearly. The atoms capable of absorbing light then form an atomic beam of well-defined velocity along the direction of the laser beam, but no velocity selection occurs perpendicular to it. The potential of the technique for Doppler-free atomic spectroscopy and for the study of excited atom collisions is demonstrated by using the Na D1 line as an example.