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Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications

All-optical regenerative memory with full read/write capability

Alistair J. Poustie, Anthony E. Kelly, Keith J. Blow, Robert J. Manning

Published Jan 1, 1998• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The function of ‘memory’ is one of the key building blocks to implement advanced information processing in future ultrahigh-speed photonic networks. Previously, we have described an all-optical regenerative memory in which stable storage of data is obtained for several hours [1]. In addition, the memory architecture provides amplitude restoration for the stored pulses and the ability to set a threshold storage level [2]. Here we demonstrate an important extension to this design which not only allows optical pulses to be written to the memory but also permits optical pulses to be selectively read from storage. This additional capability greatly extends the usefulness of the memory as a sub-system in more complex processing operations [3]. To achieve the ‘read’ function we incorporate a third nonlinear optical switching element (TOAD/SLALOM [4,5]) to act as an all-optical modulator for the data stored in the regenerative memory.

DOI
10.1364/nlgw.1998.nthb.3

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•Jan 1, 2012•2 citations
The function of ‘memory’ is one of the key building blocks to implement advanced information processing in future ultrahigh-speed photonic networks. Previously, we have described an all-optical regenerative memory in which stable storage of data is obtained for several hours [1]. In addition, the memory architecture provides amplitude restoration for the stored pulses and the ability to set a threshold storage level [2]. Here we demonstrate an important extension to this design which not only allows optical pulses to be written to the memory but also permits optical pulses to be selectively read from storage. This additional capability greatly extends the usefulness of the memory as a sub-system in more complex processing operations [3]. To achieve the ‘read’ function we incorporate a third nonlinear optical switching element (TOAD/SLALOM [4,5]) to act as an all-optical modulator for the data stored in the regenerative memory.
We demonstrate an all-optical memory which can discriminate between input data pulses of differing amplitude. Only optical pulses with amplitudes above a predetermined threshold are stored and their amplitudes are equalised. We have demonstrated an all-optical regenerative memory with variable storage threshold and amplitude restoration. This functionality should be scaleable to high data rates approaching 100 Gbits and to low latency memory stores using integrated TOAD/SLALOM nonlinear optical switching devices.
In this paper, we experimentally measure the temporal evolution of amplitude restoration and thresholding in an all-optical regenerative memory. The memory architecture comprises two coupled all-optical switching gates and different wavelength optical pulses are used for clock and data sources. The all-optical gates are nonlinear interferometers incorporating semiconductor optical amplifiers as the nonlinear optical material. The concatenated response of these nonlinear interferometers provides the required square top transmission function that allows the stored optical pulses to be equalized in amplitude. The edge of the transmission function forms the threshold for pulse storage in the memory. We input a variable amplitude data packet into the memory and record the temporal evolution of the pulses with a fast real-time digitizing oscilloscope. Complete amplitude restoration of the pulses occurs after ∼5 circulations of the optical fibre memory loop. This measurement is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction and indicates that the square top transmission response could also be achieved for data ‚on the fly‘ with a linear concatenation of only a few all-optical switching gates.
Quantum networks can enable various applications such as distributed quantum computing, long-distance quantum communication, and network-based quantum sensing with unprecedented performances. One of the most important building blocks for a quantum network is a photonic quantum memory which serves as the interface between the communication channel and the local functional unit. A programmable quantum memory which can process a large stream of flying qubits and fulfill the requirements of multiple core functions in a quantum network is still to be realized. Here we report a high-performance quantum memory which can simultaneously store 72 optical qubits carried by 144 spatially separated atomic ensembles and support up to a thousand consecutive write or read operations in a random access way, 2 orders of magnitude larger than the previous record. Because of the built-in programmability, this quantum memory can be adapted on demand for several functions. As example applications, we realize quantum queue, stack, and buffer which closely resemble the counterpart devices for classical information processing. We further demonstrate the storage and reshuffle of four entangled pairs of photonic pulses with probabilistic arrival time and arbitrary release order via the memory, which is an essential requirement for the realization of quantum repeaters and efficient routing in quantum networks. Realization of this multipurpose programmable quantum memory thus constitutes a key enabling building block for future large-scale fully functional quantum networks. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We present a novel ultrafast all-optical memory scheme that has the potential to meet the demanding requirement for 100 Gb/s all-optical data storage. The all-optical memory integrates an all-optical ring resonator flip-flop with an innovative GMCI (gain manipulation of coupler interference) based all-optical switch for ultrafast READ and WRITE. The potential device performance advantages include very low operating power for the memory element (<50 muW per bit), low read-write power for the GMCI based all-optical switch (<0.5-5 mW), ultrafast operation (10-100 Gbit/s), very compact size (<10 mumtimes10 mum per bit), addressable at bit or byte level, and monolithically integrated on InP chip
The non-interacting and high-speed nature of light makes it an ideal carrier of information that is essential for transmission of quantum information. Indeed, many proposals and demonstrations of quantum cryptography rely on the use of fibre-optic networks. Construction of a memory that can store light and preserve its quantum properties will be useful in a range of quantum information systems such as secure quantum communication and quantum computation. This is why a quantum memory for light is a remarkable objective. The key to quantum memory is to store the probability amplitude of the possible outcomes of measurement but without measurement. An important criterion for a quantum memory is that the efficiency of the recall must exceed 50%. This is the crucial no-cloning limit for security of information, since it guarantees that nobody can access the information by copying it. This benchmark is important because any kind of deterministic amplification of quantum information is fundamentally impossible. On-demand retrieval of information and ability to controllably manipulate the quantum information are also important for quantum applications. When light is absorbed by atoms, it is actually possible to reverse the absorption process. In our memory system: light is absorbed by an ensemble of atoms and, using careful conditioning and control, we can cause the stored light to be regenerated and released at a later time. This is done by applying a gradient of magnetic field along the atomic ensemble that is the basis for our optical memory. To recall the light we flip the sign of the gradient field. This kind of reversible absorption is called photon echo, hence the name of our scheme: The Gradient Echo Memory (GEM). This simple protocol is used in our experiment and can be applied to a range of different atomic systems. We have extended the GEM protocol and experimentally implemented a memory using three-level atoms. We used an off-the-shelf Rb vapour cell operating above room temperature as the memory medium. In this realisation, we broke the efficiency record with 87% recall of the input light pulse. Moreover, through complete state tomography of coherent states we have demonstrated the ability of our memory to noiselessly store quantum states of light. We have also demonstrated that the memory can store a string of pulses and then recall the pulses ondemand in arbitrary order allowing re-sequencing of the stored information. Furthermore, we have shown that pulses could be time-compressed, time-stretched or split into multiple smaller pulses and selectively recalled in several pieces. This technique enables the construction of an optical random-access memory for quantum information. Moreover, the scheme to manipulate the spectral properties of optical data, stored inside the memory, has been introduced. We have also investigated the possibility of obtaining large nonlinear phase shifts between single photons inside the memory. Such strong interactions can be used for the implementation of universal quantum gates.