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United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting

Circuits for Josephson Parametric Amplification in Quantum Radar

Johannes A. Russer, Michael Würth, Wolfgang Utschick, Florian Bischeltsrieder, Markus Peichl

Published Jan 10, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Joesphson parametric amplifiers (JPA), operating in the microwave regime, are a key component for quantum radar. A Josephson junction can combine the functions of local oscillator, mixer, amplifier and detector. For quantum radar based on two-mode squeezed vacuum states (TMSV), the Josephson devices perform squeezed state generation and mixing, for subsequent photon counting and hypothesis testing. In this contribution, we investigate quantum circuit for modeling of JPAs.

DOI
10.23919/usnc-ursinrsm57470.2023.10043131

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Joesphson parametric amplifiers (JPA), operating in the microwave regime, are a key component for quantum radar. A Josephson junction can combine the functions of local oscillator, mixer, amplifier and detector. For quantum radar based on two-mode squeezed vacuum states (TMSV), the Josephson devices perform squeezed state generation and mixing, for subsequent photon counting and hypothesis testing. In this contribution, we investigate quantum circuit for modeling of JPAs.
We have built and evaluated a prototype quantum radar in the laboratory which operates at microwave frequencies. Because the signal generation process relies on quantum mechanical principles, the system is considered to contain a quantum-enhanced radar transmitter. This transmitter generates a pair of entangled microwave signals and transmits one of them through free space, where the one-way signal is measured using a simple and rudimentary receiver. The type of entanglement used is called two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV), so we may call our radar a quantum two-mode squeezing radar (QTMS radar). At the heart of the transmitter is a device called a Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA), which generates the entangled microwave beams; these are then sent through a chain of amplifiers. One beam passes through 0.5 m of free space; the other is measured directly. The two measurement results are correlated in order to distinguish noise from signal. We compare this quantum-enhanced transmitter to a similar one using only conventional components, and find that there is a significant gain when the two systems broadcast signals at approximately the same power.
Detection of low-reflectivity objects can be improved by the so-called Quantum Illumination (QI) procedure. However, quantum detection error probability exponentially decays with the source bandwidth. The Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPAs) technology utilized as a source, generating pairs of entangled signals called two-mode squeezed vacuum states, shows a very narrow bandwidth limiting the operation of the Microwave Quantum Illumination (MQI) systems. In this paper, for the first time, a microwave quantum radar setup based on quantum illumination protocol and using a Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) is proposed. We experimentally demonstrate the generation and control of three-wave mixing modes produced by a JTWPA, key enabler radiation source for MQI schemes. Measurement results of the developed JTWPA, pumped at 12 GHz, show the capability to generate entangled modes in the X-band, making our MQI system a promising candidate for the detection of stealth objects.
Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) engineering is a significant component in the quantum two-mode squeezed radar (QTMS), to enhance, for instance, radar performance and the detection range or bandwidth. In this study, we apply quantum theory to a research domain focusing the design of QTMS radar. We apply engineered JPA (EJPA) to enhance the performance of a quantum radar (QR). We investigate the correlation between the signal and idler using and we propose strategies for maintaining entanglement at room temperature. We define the quantum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and detection range equations of the QTMS radar. The engineering JPA, leads to a remarkable improvement of the quantum radar performance, i.e. a large enhancement in quantum SNR of about 6 dB, a substantial improvement in the probability of detection through far fewer channels, and a huge increase in QTMS radar range, from half a meter in the conventional JPA to 482 m in the current study.
Quantum two-mode squeezed (QTMS) radar, inspired by quantum illumination but without joint measurements in the receiver, has shown promise in target detection. However, the current prototype of quantum radar, using full-microwave superconducting components, faces challenges in achieving long-range performance. In this study, we propose the integration of an array of Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs) in a dilution refrigerator to enhance the performance of QTMS quantum radar. Through the evaluation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) metrics, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this enhancing strategy. Our results indicate that the presence of an array of two JPAs significantly improves both the SNR and the detection probability compared to a single JPA configuration, thereby boosting the overall performance of QTMS radar. The key factor of this improvement is the cross-correlation between JPAs, which has a notable impact on the analytical outcomes of the quantum radar. This research provides valuable insights to engineers who want to optimize the design of advanced quantum QTMS radar systems.
Abstract Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) engineering is a significant component in the quantum two-mode squeezed radar (QTMS), to enhance, for instance, radar performance and the detection range or bandwidth. In this study, we apply quantum theory to a research domain focusing on the simulation of QTMS radar. We simulate a proposal of using engineered JPA (EJPA) to enhance the performance of a QTMS radar. We define the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and detection range equations of the QTMS radar. The engineered JPA leads to a remarkable improvement of the quantum radar performance, i.e. a large enhancement in SNR of about 6 dB more than the conventional QTMS radar (with respect to the latest version of QTMS radar, and not to classical radar), a substantial improvement in the probability of detection through far fewer channels. Finally, we simulate signal transmission to target in QTMS radar and achieve a huge increase in QTMS radar range, from half a meter in the conventional JPA to 482 m in the current study.
Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) engineering is a significant component in the quantum two-mode squeezed radar (QTMS) to enhance, for instance, radar performance and the detection range or bandwidth. We simulated a proposal of using engineered JPA (EJPA) to enhance the performance of a QTMS radar. We defined the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and detection range equations of the QTMS radar. The engineered JPA led to a remarkable improvement in the quantum radar performance, i.e., a large enhancement in SNR of about 6 dB more than the conventional QTMS radar (with respect to the latest version of the QTMS radar and not to the classical radar), a substantial improvement in the probability of detection through far fewer channels. The important point in this work was that we expressed the importance of choosing suitable detectors for the QTMS radars. Finally, we simulated the transmission of the signal to the target in the QTMS radar and obtained a huge increase in the QTMS radar range, up to 482 m in the current study.