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Entropy

Investigation of the JPA-Bandwidth Improvement in the Performance of the QTMS Radar

Milad Norouzi, Jamileh Seyed‐Yazdi, Seyed Mohammad Hosseiny, Patrizia Livreri

Published Sep 22, 2023• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) engineering is a significant component in the quantum two-mode squeezed radar (QTMS) to enhance, for instance, radar performance and the detection range or bandwidth. We simulated a proposal of using engineered JPA (EJPA) to enhance the performance of a QTMS radar. We defined the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and detection range equations of the QTMS radar. The engineered JPA led to a remarkable improvement in the quantum radar performance, i.e., a large enhancement in SNR of about 6 dB more than the conventional QTMS radar (with respect to the latest version of the QTMS radar and not to the classical radar), a substantial improvement in the probability of detection through far fewer channels. The important point in this work was that we expressed the importance of choosing suitable detectors for the QTMS radars. Finally, we simulated the transmission of the signal to the target in the QTMS radar and obtained a huge increase in the QTMS radar range, up to 482 m in the current study.

DOI
10.3390/e25101368

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Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) engineering is a significant component in the quantum two-mode squeezed radar (QTMS) to enhance, for instance, radar performance and the detection range or bandwidth. We simulated a proposal of using engineered JPA (EJPA) to enhance the performance of a QTMS radar. We defined the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and detection range equations of the QTMS radar. The engineered JPA led to a remarkable improvement in the quantum radar performance, i.e., a large enhancement in SNR of about 6 dB more than the conventional QTMS radar (with respect to the latest version of the QTMS radar and not to the classical radar), a substantial improvement in the probability of detection through far fewer channels. The important point in this work was that we expressed the importance of choosing suitable detectors for the QTMS radars. Finally, we simulated the transmission of the signal to the target in the QTMS radar and obtained a huge increase in the QTMS radar range, up to 482 m in the current study.
Abstract Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) engineering is a significant component in the quantum two-mode squeezed radar (QTMS), to enhance, for instance, radar performance and the detection range or bandwidth. In this study, we apply quantum theory to a research domain focusing on the simulation of QTMS radar. We simulate a proposal of using engineered JPA (EJPA) to enhance the performance of a QTMS radar. We define the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and detection range equations of the QTMS radar. The engineered JPA leads to a remarkable improvement of the quantum radar performance, i.e. a large enhancement in SNR of about 6 dB more than the conventional QTMS radar (with respect to the latest version of QTMS radar, and not to classical radar), a substantial improvement in the probability of detection through far fewer channels. Finally, we simulate signal transmission to target in QTMS radar and achieve a huge increase in QTMS radar range, from half a meter in the conventional JPA to 482 m in the current study.
Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) engineering is a significant component in the quantum two-mode squeezed radar (QTMS), to enhance, for instance, radar performance and the detection range or bandwidth. In this study, we apply quantum theory to a research domain focusing the design of QTMS radar. We apply engineered JPA (EJPA) to enhance the performance of a quantum radar (QR). We investigate the correlation between the signal and idler using and we propose strategies for maintaining entanglement at room temperature. We define the quantum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and detection range equations of the QTMS radar. The engineering JPA, leads to a remarkable improvement of the quantum radar performance, i.e. a large enhancement in quantum SNR of about 6 dB, a substantial improvement in the probability of detection through far fewer channels, and a huge increase in QTMS radar range, from half a meter in the conventional JPA to 482 m in the current study.
Quantum two-mode squeezed (QTMS) radar, inspired by quantum illumination but without joint measurements in the receiver, has shown promise in target detection. However, the current prototype of quantum radar, using full-microwave superconducting components, faces challenges in achieving long-range performance. In this study, we propose the integration of an array of Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs) in a dilution refrigerator to enhance the performance of QTMS quantum radar. Through the evaluation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) metrics, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this enhancing strategy. Our results indicate that the presence of an array of two JPAs significantly improves both the SNR and the detection probability compared to a single JPA configuration, thereby boosting the overall performance of QTMS radar. The key factor of this improvement is the cross-correlation between JPAs, which has a notable impact on the analytical outcomes of the quantum radar. This research provides valuable insights to engineers who want to optimize the design of advanced quantum QTMS radar systems.
Abstract Small differences in the types of Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs) can cause significant changes in quantum two-mode squeezed (QTMS) radars. In this work, taking into account these differences, we examine two types of JPA in terms of pumping in the quantum radar, including degenerate JPA (DJPA) and non-degenerate JPA (NDJPA) under the same conditions, leading to results very significant for the design of a QTMS radar. This study shows that QTMS radar performance is better than that of the DJPA scenario when using the NDJPA scenario. In addition, we calculated the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for two scenarios, both of which show the superiority of the NDJPA scenario. The SNR of the QTMS radar in the NDJPA case is about 1.7 dB higher than in the DJPA case. In addition, the channel number of detection probability in the NDJPA scenario is lower than that in the DJPA scenario, which indicates better ROC performance. Finally, using an NDJPA in a quantum radar can achieve a performance improvement over a quantum radar using a DJPA.
Recent experimental results have demonstrated gains in sensing capability using novel possibilities offered by quantum mechanics. In particular, a prototype radar which uses quantum techniques to enhance detection ability has been built in a laboratory, showing that quantum radars at RF frequencies are feasible. This prototype is called a quantum two-mode squeezing radar (QTMS radar). In this paper, we use the QTMS radar as a springboard to review the concept of quantum squeezing. We find that Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs), one of which was used in the QTMS radar prototype, can be employed to produce two-mode and one-mode squeezed states at RF frequencies. We then briefly discuss some of the possible applications of such states to the field of radar engineering.
We have built and evaluated a prototype quantum radar in the laboratory which operates at microwave frequencies. Because the signal generation process relies on quantum mechanical principles, the system is considered to contain a quantum-enhanced radar transmitter. This transmitter generates a pair of entangled microwave signals and transmits one of them through free space, where the one-way signal is measured using a simple and rudimentary receiver. The type of entanglement used is called two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV), so we may call our radar a quantum two-mode squeezing radar (QTMS radar). At the heart of the transmitter is a device called a Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA), which generates the entangled microwave beams; these are then sent through a chain of amplifiers. One beam passes through 0.5 m of free space; the other is measured directly. The two measurement results are correlated in order to distinguish noise from signal. We compare this quantum-enhanced transmitter to a similar one using only conventional components, and find that there is a significant gain when the two systems broadcast signals at approximately the same power.