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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Transient degenerate four-wave mixing in the saturable absorption of Cr4+:GSGG at 1.06 μm

A. Brignon, Jean‐Pierre Huignard

Published Jan 1, 1994• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) interaction in saturable media has received considerable attention because of its potential for application to optical phase conjugation and correction of phase distortions through aberrating media. For this purpose, saturable solid-state materials, operating at the classical wavelength of neodymium lasers near λ0 = 1.06 μm, are of great interest. Here, we present DFWM in a tetravalent chromium-doped gadolinium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Cr4+:GSGG) crystal. Indeed, tetravalent chromium (Cr4+) doped crystals were recently shown to be effective solid-state saturable absorbers for neodymium lasers.1,2 Furthermore, in comparison with traditional saturable absorbers such as dyes in solution, polymeric films, and color-center materials, these crystals exhibit chemical stability, high optical damage threshold, compactness, and would enable operation at high repetition rates.

DOI
10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cwf56

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Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) interaction in saturable media has received considerable attention because of its potential for application to optical phase conjugation and correction of phase distortions through aberrating media. For this purpose, saturable solid-state materials, operating at the classical wavelength of neodymium lasers near λ0 = 1.06 μm, are of great interest. Here, we present DFWM in a tetravalent chromium-doped gadolinium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Cr4+:GSGG) crystal. Indeed, tetravalent chromium (Cr4+) doped crystals were recently shown to be effective solid-state saturable absorbers for neodymium lasers.1,2 Furthermore, in comparison with traditional saturable absorbers such as dyes in solution, polymeric films, and color-center materials, these crystals exhibit chemical stability, high optical damage threshold, compactness, and would enable operation at high repetition rates.
A model of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in Cr4+:YAG saturable absorbers is given in the transient regime. Because of the presence of absorbing dipoles oriented along specific directions, the DFWM process exhibits an anisotropic behavior. The effects of pump beam fluences, relative polarization of the beams, crystal orientation, absorbance, excited-state absorption, and nonresonant losses are analyzed. The theoretical results are supported by DFWM experiments in Cr4+:YAG performed at 1.06 µm with nanosecond pulses.
Phase distortion correction of an optical wave propagating in laser media is a crucial problem to be taken into account in most of laser systems. For this purpose, phase conjugation through stimulated Brillouin scattering using the master oscillator-power amplification configuration has shown a very good potential to obtain high beam quality in solid-state lasers that operate at variable repetition rates. Another attractive alternative to generate the phase-conjugate wavefronts is to use a four-wave mixing (DFWM) process in the laser amplifier. In this medium, the interference between the interacting beams leads to a spatial modulation of the complex susceptibility of the medium by gain saturation (amplitude gain grating). This all-solid-state solution presents the advantage of suppressing the external nonlinear medium and would realize the required functions in the laser medium itself. Moreover, due to the amplification experienced by all the interacting beams, associated to the resonant nonlinearity of the gain saturation, high reflectivities already have been achieved in Nd:YAG amplifiers using a multipass geometry.1,2
Phase conjugal ion by degenerate four-wave mixing (DTVVM) in saturable gain media is a nonlinear process of major interest for applications to dynamic holography and phase-distortion correction of an optical wave propagating in laser media [1,2,3]. The use of laser amplifiers for such operations presents very attractive features including the automatic matching of the nonlinearity with the laser wavelength, a fast response time and a high efficiency of the nonlinear process due to the laser amplification of all interacting beams. This process is based on the possibility of writing dynamic gain gratings when interfering beams are propagating in a laser medium by gain saturation.
Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) is a simple method to achieve phase conjugation. It uses the third-order nonlinearity of the electric susceptibility to produce changes in the optical properties of materials. A dynamic grating is then induced. Such gratings might be used as fast optical memories in optical computing. Our aim is to find media with large nonlinear susceptibilities and fast response time. We report phase conjugation of 532-nm laser radiation by DFWM in dye solutions. The time dependence of the conjugated wave is investigated experimentally and compared to theoretical predictions. We have also studied the influence of the solvents, dye concentration, and pump intensity on the phase conjugated signal. The results are compared with those predicted by three nonlinear mechanisms. Thermally induced refractive-index changes, Kerr effect, and saturable absorption are considered.