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Optics Communications

Transient analysis of degenerate four-wave mixing in saturable absorbers: application to Cr4+:GSGG at 1.06 μm

A. Brignon, Jean‐Pierre Huignard

Published Sep 1, 1994• 18 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(94)90274-7

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Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) interaction in saturable media has received considerable attention because of its potential for application to optical phase conjugation and correction of phase distortions through aberrating media. For this purpose, saturable solid-state materials, operating at the classical wavelength of neodymium lasers near λ0 = 1.06 μm, are of great interest. Here, we present DFWM in a tetravalent chromium-doped gadolinium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Cr4+:GSGG) crystal. Indeed, tetravalent chromium (Cr4+) doped crystals were recently shown to be effective solid-state saturable absorbers for neodymium lasers.1,2 Furthermore, in comparison with traditional saturable absorbers such as dyes in solution, polymeric films, and color-center materials, these crystals exhibit chemical stability, high optical damage threshold, compactness, and would enable operation at high repetition rates.

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A model of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in Cr4+:YAG saturable absorbers is given in the transient regime. Because of the presence of absorbing dipoles oriented along specific directions, the DFWM process exhibits an anisotropic behavior. The effects of pump beam fluences, relative polarization of the beams, crystal orientation, absorbance, excited-state absorption, and nonresonant losses are analyzed. The theoretical results are supported by DFWM experiments in Cr4+:YAG performed at 1.06 µm with nanosecond pulses.

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Nearly degenerate two-wave mixing in saturable absorbers

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Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) interaction in saturable media has received considerable attention because of its potential for application to optical phase conjugation and correction of phase distortions through aberrating media. For this purpose, saturable solid-state materials, operating at the classical wavelength of neodymium lasers near λ0 = 1.06 μm, are of great interest. Here, we present DFWM in a tetravalent chromium-doped gadolinium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Cr4+:GSGG) crystal. Indeed, tetravalent chromium (Cr4+) doped crystals were recently shown to be effective solid-state saturable absorbers for neodymium lasers.1,2 Furthermore, in comparison with traditional saturable absorbers such as dyes in solution, polymeric films, and color-center materials, these crystals exhibit chemical stability, high optical damage threshold, compactness, and would enable operation at high repetition rates.
A model of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in Cr4+:YAG saturable absorbers is given in the transient regime. Because of the presence of absorbing dipoles oriented along specific directions, the DFWM process exhibits an anisotropic behavior. The effects of pump beam fluences, relative polarization of the beams, crystal orientation, absorbance, excited-state absorption, and nonresonant losses are analyzed. The theoretical results are supported by DFWM experiments in Cr4+:YAG performed at 1.06 µm with nanosecond pulses.