Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

A Neodymium doped hollow optical fiber laser for applications in sensing and laser guided atoms

P. Glas, M. Naumann, Andre Schirrmacher, Thomas Pertsch

Published Jan 1, 1998• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An attractive candidate for performing atom guidance is the evanescent field at the border of a dielectric light guide since providing a short range (repulsive) potential. In contrast to passive hollow capillaries, we have realised a lasing one made up from highly doped phosphate glass. Compared to its passive counterpart, the laser capillary has the big advantage that the in-coupled light being spectrally removed from the atomic transition of the atoms to be manipulated is used for pumping the laser. The capillary had a diameter of 70 μm possessing a protection coating. The bore diameter was 11 pm. The doping concentration amounted to 2·1020 cm-3 Nd3+. The capillary length was 1.6 cm (7 cm), butt coupled mirrors form the resonator. The capillary could be illuminated side-on or end-on with pump radiation for the active ions delivered by a diode laser at λ=805 nm. The output mirror had a transmission of < 1% to realise a high intracavity power being desirable to create a strong optical potential necessary in evanescent waveguiding of atoms. The near field distribution is shown in Fig.1. To proof the reaction of the evanescent field on an absorptive disturbance we have filled the capillary with an ir-dye (concentration ~0.07 g/1) finding a strongly modulated (mode locked) output when pulsing the diode laser, Fig.2. (The transverse damping distance in the dye solution is only ~0.3 μm). For an empty capillary the emission gets stationary after some typical relaxation oscillations. To estimate the optical potential we have made a numerical analysis of the laser field distribution in the hollow waveguide. Fig.3 shows the mode field at λ=780 nm in the capillary. We have calculated the optical potential U(r) to guide 85Rb atoms with an intra fiber power of 2 W. The frequency detuning from the atomic resonance is 10 GHz, the saturation intensity of the atomic transition is 1.8 mW/cm The optical barrier as a function of distance from the inner surface in terms of temperature is shown in Fig.1c (inset). The realisation of active atomic waveguides may stimulate interesting studies in atom optics, near field optics and cavity QED.

DOI
10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.ctuf3

Related papers

Evanescent-wave guiding of atoms in hollow optical fibers

Michael J. Renn, Elizabeth A. Donley, Eric Cornell +2 more

We use evanescent laser light to guide atoms through hollow-core optical fibers. The light, detuned to the blue side of rubidium's ${D}_{2}$ resonance lines, is launched into the glass region of a hollow capillary fiber and guided through the fiber by total internal reflection from the glass walls. Atoms interacting with the evanescent component of the field are repelled from the wall and guided through the fiber hollow. A second laser tuned to the red side of resonance is used to initially inject the atoms into the evanescent guide. An optical intensity threshold for guiding is observed as the evanescent-field-induced dipole forces exceed the van der Waals forces.

Physical Review A•Feb 1, 1996•148 citations

Guiding of metastable helium atoms through hollow optical fibres

R. G. Dall, Maarten D. Hoogerland, K. G. H. Baldwin +1 more

Atoms can be transported through hollow optical fibres using laser light blue-detuned from the atomic resonance, which propagates through the fibre to create a repulsive evanescent light field at the inner fibre wall. We report here the first transmission of metastable helium (2 3 S 1 ) atoms through such hollow optical fibres. Using fused silica capillaries with several different geometries, laser radiation that is blue-detuned from the 2 3 S 1 2 3 P 2 transition was focused into the body of the capillary via total internal reflection from a 45° bevel polished at one end. Laser fields were used with both co- and counter-propagating configurations to the atomic beam.

Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics•Aug 1, 1999•32 citations

Optical-dipole-force fiber guiding and heating of atoms

Michael J. Renn, Alex A. Zozulya, Elizabeth A. Donley +2 more

We present an experimental and theoretical investigation characterizing the flux of laser-guided atoms through hollow-core optical fibers and show how it depends on laser detuning from resonance, laser intensity, and fiber curvature. The guiding employs dipole forces arising from the interaction of the atoms with the optical field. Laser light is focused into the hollow region of 40-\ensuremath{\mu}m-inner-diam capillary fiber and guided through the fiber by grazing incidence reflection from the glass walls. The lowest-order mode is azimuthally symmetric with maximum intensity on the fiber axis and nearly zero intensity at the walls. Rubidium atoms are attracted to the high-intensity region along the axis when the laser is detuned to the red of resonance and consequently guided through the fiber. Of particular interest is the evolution of the atom-flux versus laser-detuning profile of increasing intensity. At low intensities the dipole guiding potential is purely conservative and the flux profile is roughly dispersion shaped. At high intensity, viscous dipole forces heat the atoms and ``burn a hole'' in the flux-detuning curve. We find that transverse heating of the atoms and the exponential attenuation of optical mode intensity limit the distance atoms may be guided to about 20 cm in a 40-\ensuremath{\mu}m-diam fiber. Bending the fiber can reduce the effects of heating on atom flux.

Physical Review A•May 1, 1997•59 citations

Laser-Guided Atoms in Hollow-Core Optical Fibers

Michael J. Renn, Don Montgomery, O. Vdovin +3 more

We have used optical forces to guide atoms through hollow-core optical fibers. Laser light is launched into the hollow region of a glass capillary fiber and guided by grazing-incidence reflection from the walls. When the laser is detuned 1--30 GHz red of the Rb D2 resonance lines, dipole forces attract atoms to the high-intensity region along the axis and guide them through the fiber. We show that atoms may be guided around bends in the fiber and that in initial experiments the atoms experience up to 18 reflections from the potential walls with minimal loss.

Physical Review Letters•Oct 30, 1995•307 citations

Atom guiding in single mode optical fiber capillary

Ryszard S. Romaniuk, Jan Dorosz

A relatively new method of atomic DeBroglie wave transmission in a hollow single mode optical fiber is presented. A slightly blue-detuned, from the atomic resonance, optical evanescent wave in the ring core of the capillary optical fiber creates a potential barrier for co-propagating or counter-propagating DeBroglie wave. The applied optical wavelength, associated with the used atomic transitions, was in the range 1100-400nm. Excited, metastable atoms of chromium, rubidium, cesium, helium, alkalis, etc., were transmitted in the capillary optical fiber. Initially the transmission was multimode and then single mode, with increasing efficiency. There are considered initial application perspectives of this transmission technology of DeBroglie wave for building of coherent cold sources of atoms, atom interferometers, and devices of the inverse lithography, which may possibly compete with the short-wave photo-lithography. The paper is a tutorial and has a teaching and technology review character.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Oct 4, 2006•5 citations

Guiding of metastable helium atoms through hollow optical fibres

R. G. Dall, Maarten D. Hoogerland, K. G. H. Baldwin +1 more

Guiding of excited state He atoms through hollow fibers is demonstrated. He atoms in the metastable 23S1 state are employed, utilizing the 1083 nm transition to the 23P2 state to manipulate the atomic trajectories. The fibers comprise fused silica capillaries of both square and circular cross-section. Atoms are transmitted through the fiber when the laser light, either co- or counterpropagating with the atoms, is detuned to the blue of the atomic resonance frequency, thereby creating a repulsive potential.

•Aug 1, 1999•0 citations
An attractive candidate for performing atom guidance is the evanescent field at the border of a dielectric light guide since providing a short range (repulsive) potential. In contrast to passive hollow capillaries, we have realised a lasing one made up from highly doped phosphate glass. Compared to its passive counterpart, the laser capillary has the big advantage that the in-coupled light being spectrally removed from the atomic transition of the atoms to be manipulated is used for pumping the laser. The capillary had a diameter of 70 μm possessing a protection coating. The bore diameter was 11 pm. The doping concentration amounted to 2·1020 cm-3 Nd3+. The capillary length was 1.6 cm (7 cm), butt coupled mirrors form the resonator. The capillary could be illuminated side-on or end-on with pump radiation for the active ions delivered by a diode laser at λ=805 nm. The output mirror had a transmission of < 1% to realise a high intracavity power being desirable to create a strong optical potential necessary in evanescent waveguiding of atoms. The near field distribution is shown in Fig.1. To proof the reaction of the evanescent field on an absorptive disturbance we have filled the capillary with an ir-dye (concentration ~0.07 g/1) finding a strongly modulated (mode locked) output when pulsing the diode laser, Fig.2. (The transverse damping distance in the dye solution is only ~0.3 μm). For an empty capillary the emission gets stationary after some typical relaxation oscillations. To estimate the optical potential we have made a numerical analysis of the laser field distribution in the hollow waveguide. Fig.3 shows the mode field at λ=780 nm in the capillary. We have calculated the optical potential U(r) to guide 85Rb atoms with an intra fiber power of 2 W. The frequency detuning from the atomic resonance is 10 GHz, the saturation intensity of the atomic transition is 1.8 mW/cm The optical barrier as a function of distance from the inner surface in terms of temperature is shown in Fig.1c (inset). The realisation of active atomic waveguides may stimulate interesting studies in atom optics, near field optics and cavity QED.
We use evanescent laser light to guide atoms through hollow-core optical fibers. The light, detuned to the blue side of rubidium's D2{D}_{2}D2​ resonance lines, is launched into the glass region of a hollow capillary fiber and guided through the fiber by total internal reflection from the glass walls. Atoms interacting with the evanescent component of the field are repelled from the wall and guided through the fiber hollow. A second laser tuned to the red side of resonance is used to initially inject the atoms into the evanescent guide. An optical intensity threshold for guiding is observed as the evanescent-field-induced dipole forces exceed the van der Waals forces.
Atoms can be transported through hollow optical fibres using laser light blue-detuned from the atomic resonance, which propagates through the fibre to create a repulsive evanescent light field at the inner fibre wall. We report here the first transmission of metastable helium (2 3 S 1 ) atoms through such hollow optical fibres. Using fused silica capillaries with several different geometries, laser radiation that is blue-detuned from the 2 3 S 1 2 3 P 2 transition was focused into the body of the capillary via total internal reflection from a 45° bevel polished at one end. Laser fields were used with both co- and counter-propagating configurations to the atomic beam.
We present an experimental and theoretical investigation characterizing the flux of laser-guided atoms through hollow-core optical fibers and show how it depends on laser detuning from resonance, laser intensity, and fiber curvature. The guiding employs dipole forces arising from the interaction of the atoms with the optical field. Laser light is focused into the hollow region of 40-\ensuremath{\mu}m-inner-diam capillary fiber and guided through the fiber by grazing incidence reflection from the glass walls. The lowest-order mode is azimuthally symmetric with maximum intensity on the fiber axis and nearly zero intensity at the walls. Rubidium atoms are attracted to the high-intensity region along the axis when the laser is detuned to the red of resonance and consequently guided through the fiber. Of particular interest is the evolution of the atom-flux versus laser-detuning profile of increasing intensity. At low intensities the dipole guiding potential is purely conservative and the flux profile is roughly dispersion shaped. At high intensity, viscous dipole forces heat the atoms and ``burn a hole'' in the flux-detuning curve. We find that transverse heating of the atoms and the exponential attenuation of optical mode intensity limit the distance atoms may be guided to about 20 cm in a 40-\ensuremath{\mu}m-diam fiber. Bending the fiber can reduce the effects of heating on atom flux.
We have used optical forces to guide atoms through hollow-core optical fibers. Laser light is launched into the hollow region of a glass capillary fiber and guided by grazing-incidence reflection from the walls. When the laser is detuned 1--30 GHz red of the Rb D2 resonance lines, dipole forces attract atoms to the high-intensity region along the axis and guide them through the fiber. We show that atoms may be guided around bends in the fiber and that in initial experiments the atoms experience up to 18 reflections from the potential walls with minimal loss.
A relatively new method of atomic DeBroglie wave transmission in a hollow single mode optical fiber is presented. A slightly blue-detuned, from the atomic resonance, optical evanescent wave in the ring core of the capillary optical fiber creates a potential barrier for co-propagating or counter-propagating DeBroglie wave. The applied optical wavelength, associated with the used atomic transitions, was in the range 1100-400nm. Excited, metastable atoms of chromium, rubidium, cesium, helium, alkalis, etc., were transmitted in the capillary optical fiber. Initially the transmission was multimode and then single mode, with increasing efficiency. There are considered initial application perspectives of this transmission technology of DeBroglie wave for building of coherent cold sources of atoms, atom interferometers, and devices of the inverse lithography, which may possibly compete with the short-wave photo-lithography. The paper is a tutorial and has a teaching and technology review character.
Guiding of excited state He atoms through hollow fibers is demonstrated. He atoms in the metastable 23S1 state are employed, utilizing the 1083 nm transition to the 23P2 state to manipulate the atomic trajectories. The fibers comprise fused silica capillaries of both square and circular cross-section. Atoms are transmitted through the fiber when the laser light, either co- or counterpropagating with the atoms, is detuned to the blue of the atomic resonance frequency, thereby creating a repulsive potential.