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Frontiers in Optics

Nanodiamonds Encapsulated In Silicon Nitride For Scalable Single Photon Sources

Joe A. Smith, Krishna C. Balram, Chloe Clear, Pisu Jiang, Cecile Skoryna Kline, Sophia Komrakova, Dara P. S. McCutcheon, Jorge Monroy-Ruz, John Rarity

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Silicon nitride is an established platform for integrated photonics. Combining NV centres in nanodiamond, we indicate its capacity for producing indistinguishable photons from highly dephased emitters and develop rapid characterisation techniques for the resulting technology.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2022.jtu5a.31

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Single-photon sources are essential for quantum technologies, supporting secure communication, quantum computing, and integrated photonic systems. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in nanodiamonds are robust emitters that operate at room temperature and can be positioned on-chip, but efficient coupling to photonic modes remains challenging. We present the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a silicon nitride photonic structure engineered to enhance and extract emission from NV centers. The device features a subwavelength gap between waveguides, a Bragg reflector for emission redirection, and an output waveguide for collection. Simulations guided the optimization of the geometry to increase the spontaneous emission rate through photonic confinement. Nanodiamonds were deposited into the gap using lithographic patterning and drop-casting. Fluorescence lifetime measurements confirm that the structure modifies the emission dynamics of the NV centers. The approach is compatible with scalable fabrication techniques and offers a practical route toward integrated, chip-based single-photon sources.
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond show great promise for quantum computing, where photonic entanglement can be generated using long-lived optically-active spins [1]. A quantum processor would require a large number of interconnected NV centres, and an integrated platform becomes necessary for control and routing. Benefits of integration include nanophotonic cavities with ultra-small mode volumes [2], multilayer electronics, and use of existing integrated quantum photonic components and architectures. Pick-and-place methods have been adopted to combine diamond microchiplets with aluminium nitride [3]. Photonic and spin properties has also been measured in nanodiamond encapsulated in optimised silicon nitride (SiNx) [4]. However, challenges remain to interface diamond with photonics in a scalable and manufacturable process. In particular, the need to identify and manipulate stochastically located emitters requires precise and time-intensive confocal microscopy.