The "Roadmap for the Development of Quantum Technologies" in the Russian Federation (2019) was adopted at the government level in 2019. The main goal of the roadmap is to achieve in the medium- and long-term practically significant world-class scientific, technical, and practical results in the following areas: quantum computers and computing, quantum communications, and quantum sensors and metrology. Devices based on quantum computing can be many times superior to classical computers in solving cryptanalysis problems, modeling of complex systems, as well as machine learning and artificial intelligence. Technologies aimed at eliminating threats to information security, including quantum computers, include the use of properties of quantum systems for key transfer Quantum sensors are high-precision measuring devices based on quantum effects. The high degree of control over the state of individual microscopic systems provided by quantum technologies makes it possible to create quantum sensors with high sensitivity.
The "Roadmap for the Development of Quantum Technologies" in the Russian Federation (2019) was adopted at the government level in 2019. The main goal of the roadmap is to achieve in the medium- and long-term practically significant world-class scientific, technical, and practical results in the following areas: quantum computers and computing, quantum communications, and quantum sensors and metrology. Devices based on quantum computing can be many times superior to classical computers in solving cryptanalysis problems, modeling of complex systems, as well as machine learning and artificial intelligence. Technologies aimed at eliminating threats to information security, including quantum computers, include the use of properties of quantum systems for key transfer Quantum sensors are high-precision measuring devices based on quantum effects. The high degree of control over the state of individual microscopic systems provided by quantum technologies makes it possible to create quantum sensors with high sensitivity.
The article focuses on quantum technologies and the prospects for their application in the defense and security sectors. Based on an analysis of the current state of development of quantum technologies and their applications in defense and security, three main areas are identified: quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum sensors. For each of these, a specific set of applications, advantages, and limitations is identified. It is noted that quantum computing in defense and security finds application primarily in four subfields: post-quantum cryptography, quantum cryptography, cyber threat detection, and cryptanalysis; quantum communication ensures secure information transmission by utilizing the physical properties of quantum states, particularly the principle of the impossibility of cloning a quantum state, with its primary practical application being Quantum key distribution and its promising application being the quantum internet; quantum sensors are the category of quantum technologies closest to operational deployment, as they utilize the hypersensitivity of quantum states to external disturbances to achieve measurement accuracy unattainable by classical devices. A summary of the main areas of application for quantum technologies in defense and security indicates that quantum sensors have the nearest practical implementation horizon (5–7 years), while quantum computing will have the greatest strategic impact on cryptographic infrastructure due to the threat it poses to existing asymmetric encryption algorithms—which is precisely why the transition to post-quantum standards is becoming urgent. Therefore, given the significant interest in and funding for quantum technologies from both the civilian industry and governments, it is expected that these technologies will continue to develop and new quantum applications will become available over the next five to ten years, and new advances in the development of quantum technologies may bring new opportunities for the military, but for the military to actually reap the benefits of new quantum technologies, they need to actively engage in this field and guide the development and implementation of military applications of quantum technologies.
The urgency of conducting research in the field of quantum informatics is grounded. Promising areas of research are highlighted. For foreign and Russian publications and materials, a review of the main scientific results that characterize the current state of research in quantum computer science is made. It is noted that knowledge and funds are invested most intensively in the development of the architecture of a quantum computer and its elements. Despite the fact that today there is no information on the creation of a physical implementation of a quantum computer comparable in functionality to a classical digital computer, the development of quantum algorithms is one of the popular areas of research. An advantage of quantum algorithms is the fact that they reduce the time required to solve the problem due to the parallelization of operations by generating entangled quantum states and their subsequent use. This advantage (quantum acceleration) is most important when solving the problem of modeling the dynamics of complex systems and enumerated mathematical problems. (The general case of enumeration is the Grover scheme and its variants; the tasks of searching for hidden periods: Shor's scheme of using the fast quantum Fourier transform and its analogues.) The demand for cybersecurity developments (search for vulnerabilities in smart spaces, secure storage and use of big data, quantum cryptography) is noted. More than a dozen articles are devoted to quantum algorithms of key search, key distribution on optical fibers of various lengths, and the analysis of quantum resources necessary for conducting a cyber attack. In the field of artificial quantum intelligence, attention is paid, first of all, to the “search” for a model of a quantum neural network that is optimal from the point of view of using all the advantages presented by quantum computing and neural networks, as well as machine learning algorithms. Examples of the use of quantum computing in cognitive and social sciences for studying the decision-making mechanism with incomplete data are given. It is concluded that quantum informatics is promising for the simulation of complex natural and artificial phenomena and processes.
Aim. IThe presented study aims to identify current trends and key directions for the introduction of quantum technologies into the management practices of Russian credit institutions to improve their performance in the medium term. Tasks. The authors comparatively analyze current trends in the application of quantum technologies in the banking business; forecast key trends in their development in the medium term in the context of the Russian banking sector. Methods. The authors use the methods of comparative and system analysis, scientific abstraction, and hypothesis. Results. Practical examples of the introduction of modern quantum technologies in the foreign and Russian banking business are provided. As a result, priority directions and areas of their application are identified with an emphasis on the domestic banking sector: credit scoring, assessment of the value and risk of investment, diversification of investment portfolios, financial forecasting, crisis prediction, fraud detection, protection of banking and customer databases from the quantum threat, and increasing the level of banking cybersecurity in general. Conclusions. Despite the novelty of quantum technologies in the banking business, the role they will play in banking in the near future is difficult to overestimate. Quantum computers can significantly improve the performance of banking IT systems by solving computational tasks that even super-powerful conventional computers are not able to tackle on their own. They significantly increase the efficiency of modeling complex systems and processes; accelerate the soultion of problems associated with resource optimization, logistics, finance, and trading; simplify work with big data using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning models in neural networks; help to combat cyber attacks and fraud in financial markets.
Abstract Remarkable advancements in the ability to create, manipulate, and measure quantum systems are paving the way to build next generations of devices based on quantum physics. Quantum technologies in Russia are on the list of strategically important cross-cutting directions in the framework of the National Technology Initiative programs and the Digital Economy National Program. The broad focus includes quantum computing and simulation, quantum communications, quantum metrology and sensing. This paper reviews existing research on quantum science and technologies in Russia and summarizes the main goals for the next few years that form the basis of an upcoming major national initiative.
The article examines the current level of quantum technologies development worldwide and specifically in Russia. Currently, the quantum technology market is in the formative stage and a limited number of countries produce competitive samples. Quantum innovations can upend a number of industries, and the possession of such technologies may give a significant boost to the development of the national economy. Despite external constraints and economic uncertainty, Russia remains a significant player in the emerging industry. With an extensive research base and some unique developments, Russia can occupy an important niche in the market and get closer to the industry leaders such as the United States and China. The study identified potential directions for the further development of quantum technologies in Russia and the ways to achieve the established goals.
Quantum computing and artificial intelligence (AI) are two influential technologies that are beginning to shape how we solve problems in cybersecurity and education. As cyber threats become progressively complex, there is a growing need for students to understand how these advanced tools work and how to apply them in real-world sites. This paper presents a simple yet effective framework for designing hands-on labs that teach students about quantum machine learning (QML), which leverages the strengths of both quantum computing and Artificial Intelligences. These labs are meant to help students learn by solving practical cybersecurity challenges while developing technical skills in coding, quantum circuits, and machine learning models. We also reviewed key research from experts in the fields of quantum computing, cybersecurity, and education. Their insights helped us determine how to organize the topics and where they should be placed in a learning program. The goal is to make the learning process more interactive, scalable, and relevant to the digital world today. This method not only teaches students new technologies but also provides them with the chance to experience how these tools can be used to defend against real-world cyber threats.