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Физика и техника полупроводников

Quantum beats of light-hole and heavy-hole excitons in reflection spectra of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well

A. V. Mikhailov, Artur V. Trifonov, O. S. Sultanov, Yugova I. Yu., I. V. Ignatĭev

Published Jan 1, 2022• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work we experimentally study dynamics of the heavy-hole and light-hole exciton states in a quantum well under coherent excitation of both excitonic resonances using co- and cross-linear and circular polarizations of pump and probe beams. Oscillations of basic parameters of excitonic resonances are observed. Their dependence on the polarization of the pump and probe beams is used to determine the structure of states of the heavy-hole and light-hole excitons by means of theoretical modelling of experimental data. Keywords: quantum well, excitons, quantum beats, light-hole exciton, heavy-hole exciton.

DOI
10.21883/sc.2022.07.54761.13

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In this work we experimentally study dynamics of the heavy-hole and light-hole exciton states in a quantum well under coherent excitation of both excitonic resonances using co- and cross-linear and circular polarizations of pump and probe beams. Oscillations of basic parameters of excitonic resonances are observed. Their dependence on the polarization of the pump and probe beams is used to determine the structure of states of the heavy-hole and light-hole excitons by means of theoretical modelling of experimental data. Keywords: quantum well, excitons, quantum beats, light-hole exciton, heavy-hole exciton.
We demonstrate the presence of strong exciton-exciton correlations in GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum wells by using the polarization selection rules for four-wave mixing and a test that was originally designed to distinguish between quantum beats and polarization interference. We show that, when the four-wave-mixing signal is produced by two pulses that have the same circular polarization, dynamic beating behavior is observed at the heavy-hole-light-hole frequency that provides evidence of Coulomb-induced correlations that go beyond those expected from the semiconductor Bloch equations in the Hartree-Fock approximation and beyond the local field corrections used in simple phenomenological models. Moreover, this behavior cannot be explained by invoking biexcitonic effects. We demonstrate that this dynamic excitonic coupling can be explained in terms of a competition between quantum-beat-like and polarization-interference-like behavior, and we show that such behavior can be used to place quantitative limits on the coupling strength. In addition, we use a simple phenomenological model to show that excitation-induced-dephasing can produce such correlations.
The complex polarization behavior of quantum beating between heavy- and light-hole excitons in nonlinear pump-and-probe spectroscopy is experimentally investigated. The strain-split free excitons in thin high-quality ZnSe layers embedded in ternary ZnSx{\mathrm{ZnS}}_{\mathit{x}}ZnSx​${\mathrm{Se}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ barriers served as the three-level system involved. Spectrally integrated pump-and-probe experiments confirm the theoretically predicted dependence of the quantum-beat phase on the relative polarization of the exciting fields. These observations are discussed in comparison with results from four-wave mixing obtained when using the same experimental setup. Beyond that, spectrally resolved transients measured on the light-hole resonance exhibit pronounced, weakly damped beating phenomena even at negative delay, i.e., with the probe pulses preceding the pump pulses. Additionally, for cross-polarized beams the quantum-beat phase is strongly dependent on the energy of detection. It turns out that the phase observed in the spectrally integrated mode is determined by the off-resonant contributions. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Summary form only given. Here, we use the polarization selection rules for four-wave mixing (FWM) and a test that was originally designed to distinguish between quantum beats and polarization interference to demonstrate the presence of strong exciton-exciton correlations in GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum wells. We show that when the four-wave-mixing signal is produced by two pulses having the same circular polarizations that quantum-beat-like behavior is observed. The latter observation is contrary to the predictions based on either the density matrix equations for two independent three-level systems (without many body effects) or the conventional semiconductor Bloch equations (SBE), both of which predict that polarization interference, but not quantum beats, should be observed. Consequently, these observations provide clear evidence for exciton-exciton correlations and evidence that those correlations go beyond those contained in the SBE. The procedure described here provides a simple effective test for such processes. Finally, we show that the quantum-beating-like behavior can be reproduced by including a density-dependent dephasing term (so-called excitation-induced dephasing, or EID) in the density matrix equations.
The optical Stark effect and quantum beats in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well are investigated theoretically for the case when the first two electron size-quantization levels are mixed dynamically by a high-intensity CO 2 laser pulse polarized perpendicular to the plane of the quantum well. The quasienergy spectrum of heavy-hole excitons and the ratio between the probabilities of exciton transition with and without a strong electromagnetic field are obtained. The time-dependent intensity of absorption of the sensing light is determined. It exhibits quantum beats at twice the electron Rabi frequency.
Dual-channel spectral interferometry is used to measure the vectorial dynamics of the the four-wave-mixing signal from a GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum well when both heavy-and light-hole excitons are excited. The ellipticity, the orientation, and the sense of rotation of the polarization ellipse associated with this emission are observed to oscillate dramatically at the heavy-hole-light-hole quantum beat frequency. The qualitative nature of the beating can be described by a simple model based on the density matrix equations for two independent three-level systems without the inclusion of many body effects; however, these beats are superposed on a polarization that is dominated by many-body effects.