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Physics of the Solid State

Optical exciton Stark effect and quantum beats at exciton quasienergy levels in quantum wells

A. I. Bobrysheva, M. I. Shmiglyuk, V. G. Pavlov

Published Jul 1, 1997• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The optical Stark effect and quantum beats in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well are investigated theoretically for the case when the first two electron size-quantization levels are mixed dynamically by a high-intensity CO 2 laser pulse polarized perpendicular to the plane of the quantum well. The quasienergy spectrum of heavy-hole excitons and the ratio between the probabilities of exciton transition with and without a strong electromagnetic field are obtained. The time-dependent intensity of absorption of the sensing light is determined. It exhibits quantum beats at twice the electron Rabi frequency.

DOI
10.1134/1.1130033

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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference•Nov 13, 2002•0 citations
The optical Stark effect and quantum beats in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well are investigated theoretically for the case when the first two electron size-quantization levels are mixed dynamically by a high-intensity CO 2 laser pulse polarized perpendicular to the plane of the quantum well. The quasienergy spectrum of heavy-hole excitons and the ratio between the probabilities of exciton transition with and without a strong electromagnetic field are obtained. The time-dependent intensity of absorption of the sensing light is determined. It exhibits quantum beats at twice the electron Rabi frequency.
In this work we experimentally study dynamics of the heavy-hole and light-hole exciton states in a quantum well under coherent excitation of both excitonic resonances using co- and cross-linear and circular polarizations of pump and probe beams. Oscillations of basic parameters of excitonic resonances are observed. Their dependence on the polarization of the pump and probe beams is used to determine the structure of states of the heavy-hole and light-hole excitons by means of theoretical modelling of experimental data. Keywords: quantum well, excitons, quantum beats, light-hole exciton, heavy-hole exciton.
Summary form only given. In the excitonic ac Stark shift in quantum wells the excitonic absorption line is blueshifted by shining on the sample an intense laser pulse, whose frequency is lower than the exciton transition frequency. The effect is bigger when the laser spectrum approaches the resonance with the excitonic absorption. But if the laser and excitonic absorption spectra sensibly overlap, a great amount of electronic population is excited and consequently the Coulomb nonlinearities due to the interaction between excited carries or excitons dramatically increase. One prominent effect under these conditions is the excitation- induced dephasing which can destroy the coherence of the electronic system and therefore the coupling between excitons and light, which is inherently coherent. Some evidence for the resonant Stark effect was already reported, but the direct observation of the spectral splitting was still missing. This observation demonstrates that the coherent exciton light coupling in semiconductors can be strong enough to survive the fast dephasing, and that therefore an efficient ultrafast manipulation of the exciton absorption in the coherent transient is possible. In order to magnify the ac Stark effect and its visibility a special sample was designed: a single In/sub 0.04/Ga/sub 0.96/As quantum well is grown on the top of an AlAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflector; two /spl lambda//2 spacers separate the quantum well from the mirror and from the air. In this configuration the light field incident on the sample and the one reflected by the mirror constructively interfere at the quantum well position, giving a high effective absorption.
We demonstrate the presence of strong exciton-exciton correlations in GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum wells by using the polarization selection rules for four-wave mixing and a test that was originally designed to distinguish between quantum beats and polarization interference. We show that, when the four-wave-mixing signal is produced by two pulses that have the same circular polarization, dynamic beating behavior is observed at the heavy-hole-light-hole frequency that provides evidence of Coulomb-induced correlations that go beyond those expected from the semiconductor Bloch equations in the Hartree-Fock approximation and beyond the local field corrections used in simple phenomenological models. Moreover, this behavior cannot be explained by invoking biexcitonic effects. We demonstrate that this dynamic excitonic coupling can be explained in terms of a competition between quantum-beat-like and polarization-interference-like behavior, and we show that such behavior can be used to place quantitative limits on the coupling strength. In addition, we use a simple phenomenological model to show that excitation-induced-dephasing can produce such correlations.
We report time-resolved degenerate four-wave-mixing experiments on a high-quality single GaAs quantum well. The signals for parallel and cross-polarized exciting pulses show pronounced quantum beats with different frequencies corresponding to the heavy/light-hole splitting and the biexciton binding energy, respectively. Comparison of the experimental data with solutions of the optical Bloch equations for a phenomenological model system shows that these features result from strong contributions of the biexcitonic state. The importance of biexcitons to the nonlinear coherent response of the two-dimension exciton is further confirmed by the frequency dependence of the time-integrated four-wave-mixing signal amplitudes measured for the two polarization geometries.
Summary form only given. Since the original discovery of the excitonic optical Stark effect, substantial progress has been made in the understanding of this ultrafast nonlinear optical effect. Recently, a red shift of the excitonic absorption line has been reported using low intensity excitation detuned 4.5 meV below the 1s-heavy-hole (hh) resonance and cross-circularly-polarized pulses. This was attributed to higher-order Coulomb correlations, interpretable as bound and unbound two-exciton states and memory effects. For co-circularly polarized pulses the well-known blue shift was found. Here we present a related effect occurring in the higher-intensity regime. Standard pump-probe experiments were performed on high-quality 8.5 nm-thick In/sub 0.04/Ga/sub 0.96/As multiple quantum well (MQW) samples.