Localization of relativistic particles and their position-momentum uncertainty relations are not yet fully understood. We discuss two schemes of photon localization that are based on the energy density. One scheme produces a positive operator-valued measure for localization. It coincides with the number density operator and reproduces an effective $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3$ polarization density matrix. Another scheme results in a probability distribution that is conditioned on the detection. In both schemes the uncertainty relations for transversal position and momentum approach the Heisenberg bound $\ensuremath{\Delta}p\ensuremath{\Delta}z=\frac{1}{2}\ensuremath{\hbar}$.
Abstract In this paper we have explicitly computed the position-position and position-momentum (Heisenberg) uncertainty relations for the model of relativistic particles with arbitrary spin, proposed by Jackiw and Nair (J ackiw R. and N air V. P. Phys. Rev. D , 43 (1991) 1933) as a model for anyon, in a purely quantum mechanical framework. This supports (via Schwarz inequality) the conjecture that anyons live in a 2-dimensional non-commutative space. We have computed the non-trivial uncertainty relation between anyon coordinates, , using the recently constructed anyon wave function (M ajhi J. et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. , 123 (2019) 164801), in the framework of B ialynicki -B irula I. and B ialynicka -B irula Z., New J. Phys. , 21 (2019) 07306. We also compute the Heisenberg (position-momentum) uncertainty relation for anyons. Lastly we show that the identical formalism when applied to electrons, yield a trivial position uncertainty relation, consistent with their living in a 3-dimensional commutative space.