The author has earlier defined the quantum two-time localization problem as the minimizing of a particle's position spread about specified points at two distinct times. In the present article optimum localization is found for relativistic massive free particles. For short time intervals, spreading necessarily occurs at the speed of light while for long times the previously found diffusion-like behaviour is recovered. In defining relativistic localization, use is made of the work of Newton and Wigner (1949); in particular, their restriction to the positive energy hyperboloid is found to be necessary to recover the nonrelativistic limit of wavepacket spreading.
Although the concept of localization in non-relativistic quantum mechanics is mathematically well-defined there is no obvious and unambiguous way to generalize it to relativistic quantum theory. After a brief review of localization in quantum mechanics the Newton-Wigner localization scheme is introduced and it is shown by the example of a massive spinless system how it leads to a position operator with seemingly unphysical properties. This motivated the development of several theorems which claim to rule out the existence of localizable particles. A particularly important one of them is presented and its validity discussed. In the last section however it is shown that if localization is considered with respect to spacelike hyperplanes, the properties of the Newton-Wigner position operators are not necessarily unphysical and localizable particles can exist.