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Emerging Applications in Silicon Photonics

Large-scale integrated arrays of quantum-limited homodyne detectors

Euan J. Allen, Joel F. Tasker, Jonathan C. F. Matthews

Published Jan 11, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1117/12.2644957

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Abstract The rapid development of quantum technology has driven the need for high-performance quantum signal processing modules. Balanced homodyne detector (BHD) is one of the most promising options for practical quantum state measurement, providing substantial advantages of cost-effectiveness, no cooling requirement, and system compactness. However, due to the stringent requirements in BHD design, it typically suffers from a relatively small operating bandwidth which limits the overall speed of a quantum system. In this study, we propose comprehensive modelling for the BHD in quantum applications and enhance the performance of BHDs based on our modelling. Specifically, we utilise a photonic chip approach and optimise the electronic design to create the integrated BHD, which significantly boosts the 3 dB bandwidth to 4.75 GHz and achieves a shot-noise-limited bandwidth of 23 GHz. We demonstrate the capability of this setup to generate quantum random numbers at a rate of 240 Gbit s−1, highlighting its potential for ultra-high-speed quantum communication and quantum cryptography applications.
Abstract The time-domain balanced homodyne detector (TBHD) is critical component in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). The shot-noise-limited attribute of a TBHD depends on the whole spectrum of detector, in contrast to a frequency-domain balanced homodyne detector that focuses only on part of the spectrum. We propose a method for accurate calibration of the shot-noise-limited attribute of the TBHD by overlapping the gain lines of the TBHD and an integrated photodetector. The overlapping of two lines indicates that the detector is indeed shot noise limited, which is crucial to the security of CVQKD. Experimentally, we use this method to obtain a calibration error of ±1‰. Theoretical analysis showed that the CVQKD performance is very sensitive to calibration errors of shot noise, and proper countermeasures should be employed to eliminate this issue. The presented methods are expected to contribute to CVQKD security and TBHD standardization.