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Scientific Reports

Optical limiting via spontaneously generated coherence

Abbas Silatan, Mohsen Ghaderi Goran Abad, Mohammad Mahmoudi

Published Jan 7, 2023• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and optical limiting (OL) in a three-level V-type quantum system considering the effect of the spontaneously generated coherence (SGC). It is shown that in the absence of the SGC effect, the saturable absorption (SA) is dominant in the system. By taking into account the SGC effect, we prove that the SA dramatically switches to the RSA. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the OL threshold and OL efficiency can be controlled by the SGC effect. In addition, we show that the applied field properties such as detuning can modify the SGC-induced optical limiter efficiency. It is also shown an increase in the atomic density and length of the medium makes the optical limiter more efficient. The analytical calculation shows that the Kerr nonlinearity caused by the SGC effect is the main mechanism of the system evolution. Finally, the theoretical Z-scan experiment is presented to confirm the obtained results. Our proposed scheme can be useful to design controllable atomic optical limiters for optical devices with different sensitivities.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-023-27381-1

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We investigate the reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and optical limiting (OL) in a three-level V-type quantum system considering the effect of the spontaneously generated coherence (SGC). It is shown that in the absence of the SGC effect, the saturable absorption (SA) is dominant in the system. By taking into account the SGC effect, we prove that the SA dramatically switches to the RSA. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the OL threshold and OL efficiency can be controlled by the SGC effect. In addition, we show that the applied field properties such as detuning can modify the SGC-induced optical limiter efficiency. It is also shown an increase in the atomic density and length of the medium makes the optical limiter more efficient. The analytical calculation shows that the Kerr nonlinearity caused by the SGC effect is the main mechanism of the system evolution. Finally, the theoretical Z-scan experiment is presented to confirm the obtained results. Our proposed scheme can be useful to design controllable atomic optical limiters for optical devices with different sensitivities.
We study the generation and control of the microwave (MW)-induced reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and optical limiting (OL) in a three-level pump-probe V-type quantum system. It is shown that the saturable absorption switches to the RSA by applying the MW field to the transition between two upper levels. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the RSA and the induced OL threshold are controlled by either the intensity or detuning of the MW field. In addition, the effect of the coupling field on the induced optical limiting is studied, and it is obtained that the cross-Kerr nonlinearity has a major role in establishing efficient optical power limiting. In addition, we demonstrate that an increase in the atomic density and length of the medium makes the optical limiter more powerful. Finally, the theoretical Z-scan technique is presented to confirm the obtained results of the microwave-induced OL. The proposed scheme can be used to prepare a controllable optical limiter with various thresholds, which can protect the optical devices with different sensitivities.
Generation and control of the reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and optical limiting (OL) are investigated in a four-level Y-type quantum system. It is demonstrated that the applied laser fields induce the RSA and it can be coherently controlled by either intensity or frequency of the applied laser fields. The effect of the static magnetic field on the induced RSA is studied and we obtain that it has a constructive role in determining the intensity range in which the OL is established in the system. In addition, we find that the transmission of the suggested optical limiter can be decreased either by increasing the length of the medium or by getting the atomic system denser. Finally, the Z-scan technique is presented to confirm our theoretical results. The proposed scheme can be used in designing the coherent optical limiters with controllable threshold and intensity range of the OL.
The linear and nonlinear pulse propagations in lifetime-broadened three-state media with spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) are investigated theoretically. Three generic systems of V-, ΛΛΛ-, and ΞΞΞ-type level configurations are considered and compared. It is shown that in linear propagation regime the SGC in the V-type system can result in a significant change of dispersion and absorption and may be used to completely eliminate the absorption and largely reduce the group velocity of a probe field. However, the SGC has no effect on the dispersion and absorption of the ΛΛΛ- and ΞΞΞ-type systems. In nonlinear propagation regime, the SGC displays different influences on Kerr nonlinearity for different systems. Specifically, it can enhance the Kerr nonlinearity of the V-type system whereas weaken the Kerr nonlinearity of the ΛΛΛ-type system. Using the SGC, stable optical solitons with ultraslow propagating velocity and very low pump power can be produced in the V-type system by exploiting only one laser field in the system.
We study phase control of linear and nonlinear optical responses in a three-level atomic system in V-configuration exhibiting spontaneously generated coherence (SGC). Because of the SGC effect, the strength of Kerr nonlinearity strongly depends upon the relative phase between the probe and control fields as well as the absorptions. By controlling the relative phase appropriately, large Kerr nonlinearity can be achieved with canceled linear and nonlinear absorptions. Combining with the phase modulation, the strict decay condition of spontaneous decay rates is not needed.
The nonlinear optical absorption of a probe field is investigated in a three-level V-type quantum system under a pump-probe configuration. It is demonstrated that the system exhibits saturable absorption (SA) behavior. By introducing an indirect incoherent pumping field on the probe transition, we show that the incoherent field critically influences the switching from SA to reverse saturable absorption (RSA). This switching enables the system to function as an optical limiter, protecting sensors and seekers against high-power optical pulses. The results reveal that key parameters-such as the intensity of the incoherent field, detuning, and coupling field strength-can be precisely tuned to modulate optical limiting characteristics, including threshold intensity and operational range. The underlying physical mechanism is elucidated through the derivation and analysis of an analytical expression for the nonlinear absorption. The output response is further validated through calculations based on the open-aperture Z-scan technique. Overall, this study highlights the crucial role of incoherent field engineering in tailoring optical limiting behavior, providing a versatile framework for advanced photonic applications.
In a three-level atomic system, the influences of spontaneously generated coherence on the linear absorption and the Kerr nonlinearity are investigated. Our studies show that properties of linear absorption can be dramatically affected by the effect of spontaneously generated coherence. With increase of intensities of spontaneously generated coherence, absorption inhibition will occur, and finally the atomic medium becomes transparent. Furthermore, we find that the Kerr nonlinearity can be obviously enhanced under the action of effects of spontaneously generated coherence. Comparing with traditional scheme of the electromagnetically induced transparency, absorption and Kerr nonlinearity can be controlled without need another driving field in our scheme.