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Optica Advanced Photonics Congress

In Situ Control of the Kerr Nonlinearity in a Pockels Photonic Cavity

Chaohan Cui, Liang Zhang, Linran Fan

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the in situ control of integrated Kerr nonlinearity through its interplay with the cascaded Pockels nonlinear process. Effective Kerr nonlinearity is tuned over 10 dB dynamic range at single photon level without modifying photonic structures.
DOI
10.1364/iprsn.2022.ith1b.1

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We consider the dynamics of single photons in a nonlinear optical cavity. When the Kerr nonlinearities of atomic dark resonances are utilized, the cavity mode is well described by a spin- 1/21/21/2 Hamiltonian. We show that it is possible to achieve coherent control of the cavity-mode wave function using $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulses for single photons that switch the state of the cavity with very high accuracy. The underlying physics is best understood as the nonlinearity induced anticorrelation between single-photon injection/emission events, which we refer to as photon blockade. We also propose a method which uses these strong dispersive interactions to realize a single-photon turnstile device.
The utilization of Kerr nonlinearity in lithium niobate has been extensively investigated over the years. Nevertheless, the practical implementation of Kerr nonlinearity in waveguides has been constrained by the material's inherently low third-order nonlinear coefficients. Here, we present a significant advancement by demonstrating Pockels effect-induced strong effective Kerr nonlinearity in a periodically poled thin-film lithium niobate waveguide. Both effective four-wave mixing (FWM) and cascaded effective FWM processes are experimentally observed. The induced FWM process achieves a maximum output power of −8.5 dBm, spanning a wavelength spectrum of over 116.8 nm. Analysis reveals that the induced effective Kerr nonlinearity exhibits a substantial effective nonlinear refractive index n2,eff more than 2.9 × 10−15 m2/W, corresponding to an effective nonlinear refractive index enhancement factor of 1.6 × 104 relative to the intrinsic value. Moreover, a wavelength-converting experiment demonstrates a flat optic-to-optic response over a broadband radio frequency spectrum, confirming that signal integrity is well preserved after on-chip effective FWM conversion. Therefore, the demonstrated efficient and broadband Pockels effect-induced effective Kerr nonlinearity paves the way for novel applications in diverse fields, including spectroscopy, parametric amplification, quantum correlation studies, and wavelength conversion technologies.