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Chinese Physics B

Quantum homomorphic broadcast multi-signature based on homomorphic aggregation

Xin Xu, Aihan Yin

Published Dec 16, 2022• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum multi-signature has attracted extensive attention since it was put forward. Beside its own improvement, related research is often combined with other quantum signature. However, this type of quantum signature has one thing in common, that is, the generation and verification of signature depend heavily on the shared classical secret key. In order to increase the reliability of signature, the homomorphic aggregation technique is applied to quantum multi-signature, and then we propose a quantum homomorphic multi-signature protocol. Unlike previous quantum multi-signature protocols, this protocol utilizes homomorphic properties to complete signature generation and verification. In the signature generation phase, entanglement swapping is introduced, so that the individual signatures of multiple users are aggregated into a new multi-signature. The original quantum state is signed by the shared secret key to realize the verification of the signature in the verification phase. The signature process satisfies the homomorphic property, which can improve the reliability of the signature.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/acac0e

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•Jun 23, 2020•0 citations
Quantum multi-signature has attracted extensive attention since it was put forward. Beside its own improvement, related research is often combined with other quantum signature. However, this type of quantum signature has one thing in common, that is, the generation and verification of signature depend heavily on the shared classical secret key. In order to increase the reliability of signature, the homomorphic aggregation technique is applied to quantum multi-signature, and then we propose a quantum homomorphic multi-signature protocol. Unlike previous quantum multi-signature protocols, this protocol utilizes homomorphic properties to complete signature generation and verification. In the signature generation phase, entanglement swapping is introduced, so that the individual signatures of multiple users are aggregated into a new multi-signature. The original quantum state is signed by the shared secret key to realize the verification of the signature in the verification phase. The signature process satisfies the homomorphic property, which can improve the reliability of the signature.
A quantum homomorphic aggregation signature scheme is proposed based on GHZ states, combined with homomorphic aggregation techniques. The scheme has the following features: Firstly, by changing the existing quantum homomorphic signature scheme which generally uses Bell state as the signature particle, and choosing GHZ state as the signature particle, it can realize the signature of the multi-bit messages by preparing fewer quantum resources; Secondly, the idea of classical aggregated signature is introduced, where multiple message signatures are aggregated into a single signature by quantum entanglement swapping technique, and the verifier can determine the validity of all signatures by only one verification; At the same time, the verification of individual signatures by the aggregator is realized, and dishonest behaviors among the signature members can be detected in time; Finally, the whole signature process satisfies the basic homomorphic property. Compared with the existing quantum homomorphic signature scheme, this scheme can effectively reduce the consumption of quantum resources, improving the efficiency of signature verification and enhancing the reliability of the signature. The security analysis shows that the scheme has the verifiability, unforgeability and non-repudiation.
A novel quantum dual signature scheme, which combines two signed messages expected to be sent to two diverse receivers Bob and Charlie, is designed by applying entanglement swapping with coherent states. The signatory Alice signs two different messages with unitary operations (corresponding to the secret keys) and applies entanglement swapping to generate a quantum dual signature. The dual signature is firstly sent to the verifier Bob who extracts and verifies the signature of one message and transmits the rest of the dual signature to the verifier Charlie who verifies the signature of the other message. The transmission of the dual signature is realized with quantum teleportation of coherent states. The analysis shows that the security of secret keys and the security criteria of the signature protocol can be greatly guaranteed. An extensional multi-party quantum dual signature scheme which considers the case with more than three participants is also proposed in this paper and this scheme can remain secure. The proposed schemes are completely suited for the quantum communication network including multiple participants and can be applied to the e-commerce system which requires a secure payment among the customer, business and bank.
Abstract With the rapid development of computer and internet technology, quantum signature plays an extremely important role in modern secure communication. Quantum homomorphic aggregate signature, as an important guarantee of quantum signature, plays a significant role in reducing storage, communication, and computing costs. This article draws on the idea of quantum multi-party summation and proposes a quantum homomorphic aggregate signature scheme based on quantum Fourier transform. Our scheme uses nnn-particle entangled states as quantum channels, with different particles of each entangled state sent separately. This ensures secure transmission of signatures and messages with fewer entangled particles during transmission, further improving the efficiency of quantum signatures. Meanwhile, our scheme generates private keys for each participating party by randomly constructing key generation matrixes. Different signers perform quantum Fourier transforms and basis exchange operations on entangled particles based on different messages and private keys to generate signatures. In addition, the aggregator does not need to measure and verify the signature particles after receiving signatures from different signers, and the group addition operation process has additive homomorphism. Security analysis shows that our scheme has unforgeability, non-repudiation, and can resist various attacks such as entanglement measurement attacks, intercept-resend attacks, private key sequence attacks, and internal attacks by aggregator.
The multi-user quantum signature protocol makes the message can be signed by more than one signatory. In this paper, we put forward an enhanced quantum multi-signature scheme based on Bell states and the controlled quantum teleportation. Compared to the previous multi-signature schemes, our protocol can offer higher security guaranteed by the fundamental laws of physics. While ensuring the nice security of the protocol we also pay attention to keeping its efficiency. Moreover, the scheme is more feasible with the present-day technique.
Recently, a quantum broadcasting multiple blind signature scheme based on GHZ state has been proposed, which could be used to settle the problem that a message is so important that it needs to be signed by multiple signatories, in order to guarantee the message privacy: none of signatories can acquire the content of the message they have signed. Maybe it can be applied to an E-bank system. For example, a large amount of money has to be transferred through E-bank system on the internet. The E-bank system operator submits the request to the bank after filling the application form including payment amount, bank transfer account and some other information. When the request arrives, the bank clerk signs to approve. However, it is not enough, it has to ask the manager for authority, and then it needs to be signed by the manager. In the whole process, all the signatories cannot learn what they have signed, but the application form has been recorded in the E-bank system. So, once disagreement takes place, the bank can track the message sender. In this paper, we present a new quantum broadcasting multiple blind signature scheme which is based on a three-particle partial entanglement state. Comparing with the original scheme, the partial entanglement state is utilized in our new scheme in place of the GHZ state, and this does not bring down the security of the scheme. Particularly, using the partial entanglement state can not only save the entanglement resource to some extent, but also make the scheme much easier to be realized. As is well known, It is not easy to keep the maximum entanglement state shared among the participants in the whole quantum communication process. By using the partial entanglement in place of the maximum entanglement can improve the new scheme applicability to make it more practical. It is also indicated that multi-qubit entangled systems which are partially entangled can be efficiently used as a resource in quantum information processing with perfect performance.
With the emergence of the multi-party quantum key agreement, the participant attack has attracted great attention, since it is a destructive attack which is easier to obtain the effective information than the external attack. In this paper, a new multi-party quantum key agreement protocol with six-qubit cluster states which has the verification function is put forward. At first, a verifiable distributor is introduced to distribute the remaining information of six-qubit cluster states to any two adjacent participants after preserving a part. Next, once the participants verify the correctness of the received information with the properties of six-qubit cluster states under the X-basis, the cluster states are used as the quantum resource to perform the X operation in the participant operation phase. Finally, it can not only verify the correctness of the recovered shared key, but also guarantee its simultaneity through the trusted design combiner and homomorphic hash function. Furthermore, the security analysis shows that the new protocol can resist the external and internal attacks. And it's proved that our protocol is meaningful through the comparation analysis.