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Acta Physica Sinica

Quantum broadcasting multiple blind signature protocol based on three-particle partial entanglement

Wei Zhang, Zheng-Fu Han

Published Jan 1, 2019• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recently, a quantum broadcasting multiple blind signature scheme based on GHZ state has been proposed, which could be used to settle the problem that a message is so important that it needs to be signed by multiple signatories, in order to guarantee the message privacy: none of signatories can acquire the content of the message they have signed. Maybe it can be applied to an E-bank system. For example, a large amount of money has to be transferred through E-bank system on the internet. The E-bank system operator submits the request to the bank after filling the application form including payment amount, bank transfer account and some other information. When the request arrives, the bank clerk signs to approve. However, it is not enough, it has to ask the manager for authority, and then it needs to be signed by the manager. In the whole process, all the signatories cannot learn what they have signed, but the application form has been recorded in the E-bank system. So, once disagreement takes place, the bank can track the message sender. In this paper, we present a new quantum broadcasting multiple blind signature scheme which is based on a three-particle partial entanglement state. Comparing with the original scheme, the partial entanglement state is utilized in our new scheme in place of the GHZ state, and this does not bring down the security of the scheme. Particularly, using the partial entanglement state can not only save the entanglement resource to some extent, but also make the scheme much easier to be realized. As is well known, It is not easy to keep the maximum entanglement state shared among the participants in the whole quantum communication process. By using the partial entanglement in place of the maximum entanglement can improve the new scheme applicability to make it more practical. It is also indicated that multi-qubit entangled systems which are partially entangled can be efficiently used as a resource in quantum information processing with perfect performance.

DOI
10.7498/aps.68.20182044

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Recently, a quantum broadcasting multiple blind signature scheme based on GHZ state has been proposed, which could be used to settle the problem that a message is so important that it needs to be signed by multiple signatories, in order to guarantee the message privacy: none of signatories can acquire the content of the message they have signed. Maybe it can be applied to an E-bank system. For example, a large amount of money has to be transferred through E-bank system on the internet. The E-bank system operator submits the request to the bank after filling the application form including payment amount, bank transfer account and some other information. When the request arrives, the bank clerk signs to approve. However, it is not enough, it has to ask the manager for authority, and then it needs to be signed by the manager. In the whole process, all the signatories cannot learn what they have signed, but the application form has been recorded in the E-bank system. So, once disagreement takes place, the bank can track the message sender. In this paper, we present a new quantum broadcasting multiple blind signature scheme which is based on a three-particle partial entanglement state. Comparing with the original scheme, the partial entanglement state is utilized in our new scheme in place of the GHZ state, and this does not bring down the security of the scheme. Particularly, using the partial entanglement state can not only save the entanglement resource to some extent, but also make the scheme much easier to be realized. As is well known, It is not easy to keep the maximum entanglement state shared among the participants in the whole quantum communication process. By using the partial entanglement in place of the maximum entanglement can improve the new scheme applicability to make it more practical. It is also indicated that multi-qubit entangled systems which are partially entangled can be efficiently used as a resource in quantum information processing with perfect performance.
Recently, a broadcasting multiple blind signature scheme based on quantum teleportation has been proposed for the first time. It is claimed to have unconditional security and properties of quantum multiple signature and quantum blind signature. In this paper, we analyze the security of the protocol and show that the signatory Ui can learn the signed message m by a single particle measurement and the signed message m can be modified at random by anyone according to the scheme. Furthermore, there are some participant attacks and external attacks existing in the scheme. Finally we present an improved protocol and show that the improved scheme can resist all of the mentioned attacks. Meanwhile, the secret keys can be used again and again, which will make it more efficient and practical.
According to the principle of quantum entanglement swapping of GHZ states, this paper put forward a blind signature scheme based on quantum entanglement. Without performing any unitary operation, all participants just need to do Bell measurements on new entangled particles emerging from entanglement swapping of GHZ states to complete blind signature and verification. It is not difficult to prove that the proposed scheme processes the features of nonforgeability, non-disavowal and blindness. Furthermore, compared to some other blind signature schemes on entangled states, our scheme is more efficient because except a few decoy particles, only 2 GHZ states are required for signing each 3 bits in the message.
With the development of quantum computers, traditional communication security based on classical computers can no longer guarantee unconditional security. At the same time, a series of encrypted communication solutions that rely on quantum mechanical properties have been spawned. This article focuses on the field of quantum signatures, based on the entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state, combining group signatures (any member of the group can sign on behalf of the group) and blind signatures (the signer cannot know the accuracy of the signature content) proposed a new quantum group blind signature scheme that utilizes quantum key distribution to achieve unconditional security. By splitting the original message, the scheme strengthens the relevance of the signature participants and makes the signature to have stronger binding. Then, the security of the scheme against internal and external attacks is analyzed. In this scheme, a pleasing efficiency has been achieved, and the non-repudiation of signatures has been enhanced. At the same time, disputed signatures can be traced back to the signer.
Quantum digital signature, as an extension of classical digital signature, has become an important research content in quantum cryptography. Quantum blind signature combines the advantages of classical blind signature and quantum signature, which can ensure the unconditional security of the scheme based on the realization of the blinded signature of the message, and can be effectively applied in many real-world scenarios. This paper uses the four-particle [Formula: see text] state as a communication channel, combined with quantum teleportation technology to propose a new quantum multi-party blind signature protocol, which has the following characteristics: First, the Toeplitz hash function based on the linear shift register is introduced to blind the message, and the length of the blinded message can be adjusted according to the actual demand to increase the flexibility of the scheme; Second, through multi-party participation, the blind signature of multi-bit messages can be realized, and the signature efficiency can be improved. Compared with other quantum blind signatures, the signature efficiency has been greatly improved; Finally, using the four-particle [Formula: see text] state as a quantum channel can make the scheme use fewer resources to transmit data and increases the security of the scheme. Through security analysis, it can be seen that the scheme has blindness, nonrepudiation and unforgeability.
Quantum Digital Signature (QDS) schemes provides authenticity of information that is guaranteed by quantum mechanics. This paper compares the blind signature schemes with two and three-bit quantum state bits and provides a implementation for the four quantum states. We proposed a technique where four partial entangled states are used to implement the blind signature scheme. The proposed technique improves the reliability factor of the scheme in terms of its encryption and decryption using quantum cryptosystem for interchanging the data in a protected mode. In the communication system, the encryption of messages was done with the help of the sender's private key. The third party verifies its authenticity along with blindness of the signature. Furthermore, future research trends were presented with a security analysis.
In a quantum partially blind signature (QPBS) scheme, the contradiction between anonymity and controllability of completely blind signature (BS) schemes was better solved by adding common negotiated public information between the signer and the requester (the message holder). After reviewing the proposed scheme, we give an analysis about it and then propose a novel QPBS scheme without entanglement. The security without preconditions of this signature scheme is ensured by the secure quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol and quantum one-time pad (QOTP). Furthermore, in the process of security analysis, it proves that our scheme satisfies the foundational attribution of partially blind signature (PBS). Moreover, the scheme can solve the problem we put forward so as to allow it to have a wider application in the future.