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The Journal of Engineering

A new terahertz source from the wave particle duality mechanism

James T. Q. Deng

Published Dec 4, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The terahertz source (THz) is basically the electromagnetic wave radiation source generated by using the energy level transitions and photoelectric quantum effects in special materials such as semiconductors or crystals, also with practical realizations by super‐surface technologies and micro‐structure arrays. Quantization hypothesis and wave particle duality are the two core basic hypotheses in the quantum theory, which have been widely used in sciences and technologies for a century, with basing on Planck's blackbody radiation law and the upgraded photoelectric double slit experiment. For the first time, the ‘quantized wave particle duality equation’ is derived and expressed by a way of physical and mathematical formulas, and accompanied by a full interpretation of the related physical laws. From now on, they are no longer the premise hypothesis of quantum theory, but the inevitable conclusion. Based on this revealed physical mechanism and the model of photoelectric double slit experiment, a new concept of THz and quantum wave generator from the wave particle duality mechanism are proposed and investigated theoretically and experimentally for other possibilities and technical implementation routes of different kinds of terahertz sources.

DOI
10.1049/tje2.12217

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Abstract The terahertz source (THz) is basically the electromagnetic wave radiation source generated by using the energy level transitions and photoelectric quantum effects in special materials such as semiconductors or crystals, also with practical realizations by super‐surface technologies and micro‐structure arrays. Quantization hypothesis and wave particle duality are the two core basic hypotheses in the quantum theory, which have been widely used in sciences and technologies for a century, with basing on Planck's blackbody radiation law and the upgraded photoelectric double slit experiment. For the first time, the ‘quantized wave particle duality equation’ is derived and expressed by a way of physical and mathematical formulas, and accompanied by a full interpretation of the related physical laws. From now on, they are no longer the premise hypothesis of quantum theory, but the inevitable conclusion. Based on this revealed physical mechanism and the model of photoelectric double slit experiment, a new concept of THz and quantum wave generator from the wave particle duality mechanism are proposed and investigated theoretically and experimentally for other possibilities and technical implementation routes of different kinds of terahertz sources.
A century ago, the energy quantization hypothesis and wave-particle duality have been proposed as the foundations of the quantum theory, but still lacking complete theoretical proof and interpretation. For the first time, the "quantized wave particle duality equation" is expressed by a way of physical and mathematical formulas, which simply compose of three factors: the quantized resonant eigenvalue, interaction or transition time, and sum of translational kinetic energy; and accompanied by a full interpretation of the related physical laws. From now on, they are no longer the premise hypothesis of quantum theory, but the inevitable conclusion. The long-term conflict between quantum theory and classical physics has been resolved, which is actually a self-consistent and coherent theoretical system.
Abstract This chapter examines some crucial experiments and basic principles of quantum mechanics that have strongly influenced the development of quantum theory in its modern form: starting from Planck’s law of black-body radiation and its derivation using the quantization of energy; Einstein’s photon hypothesis for the puzzle presented by the photoelectric effect and its test via the Millikan experiment; the Compton effect; Bohr’s theses for the structure of the hydrogen atom and the complementarity of waves and particles i.e., the wave-particle duality, culminating in de Broglie’s ideas for matter waves and their confirmation in the Davisson-Germer experiment for electron diffraction from a crystal; Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle for position and momentum as well as for energy an time; the famous double-slit experiment and Born’s probability interpretation, and finally the provocative thought experiment of Schrödinger’s cat
Abstract The double-slit experiment is a classic experiment that presents the clearest manifestation of wave-particle duality, one of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. The double-slit experiment still remains the phenomenon that demonstrates wave-particle duality at the most fundamental level. This phenomenon quantitatively and conceptually demonstrates that microscopic objects can behave like both waves and particles at the same time. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the physical nature of dualism, the mechanism of formation of the interference pattern, and the impact of the act of observation on the dynamics of quantum systems. The need for a new perspective on this topic is due to the fact that the current uncertainty in the interpretation of quantum reality has not yet been completely eliminated, and the boundaries between classical and quantum behavior in microscopic objects are still being explored. The results presented here restructure the deep mechanisms of the interference picture, more clearly frame the relationship between observation and wavefunction collapse, and provide a quantum. Since the article attempts to provide a complete answer to the mechanism of the formation of wave-particle duality, extensive space is given to sections such as historical development, theoretical models, modern research, etc. New approaches to this phenomenon have been developed using modern research and string theory. As a result, a new mathematical expression has been proposed that explains the reasons for the initial emergence of wave-particle duality, and is also important for string theory. The article explains the measurement problem with a more effective physical structure and ontological model.
The wave-particle duality for light has been well established by various experiments, such as Young’s double slit experiment and the photoelectric effect. This led de Broglie to propose that a particle also has wave characteristics. Schrödinger further established the wave equation for a moving particle. Many times, quantum mechanics textbooks do not show how Schrödinger’s equation was developed in an intuitive manner that is appropriate at the undergraduate level. This article presents a new approach for introducing Schrödinger’s equation. This new approach starts with Maxwell’s equations and then applies the quantized energy of a light wave and special relativity. This more intuitive approach should help undergraduate students understand the origin of Schrödinger’s equation in a more natural way.
Quantum mechanics, as a fundamental theory describing the microscopic world, has driven a revolution in physics over the past century. The wave-particle duality of electrons, as one of the core features of quantum mechanics, challenges the traditional understanding of matter in classical physics. Through wave-particle duality, electrons exhibit wave-like behavior in certain experiments and particle-like properties in others. This paper explores key concepts of quantum mechanics, such as the wave function and the Schrödinger equation, and verifies the wave and particle nature of electrons through experiments such as the double-slit experiment and Compton scattering. In addition, this paper discusses the integration of quantum field theory and quantum mechanics, emphasizing the profound impact of electron duality on modern physics and quantum technology. With the continuous development of quantum technology, the duality of electrons not only provides a theoretical foundation for fields such as quantum computing and quantum communication but also offers new directions for technological innovation in the future.
In this paper, the problems existing in the concepts of Planck's energy element and Einstein's light quantum are analyzed, and the alternate concept of quantum and a new concept of electron transition power were proposed. This paper clarifies the common misunderstanding in classical electromagnetics that the electron will radiate electromagnetic wave when it moves around the nucleus in a uniform circular motion and points out that the electron will radiate and absorb electromagnetic waves only when it moves around the nucleus in an accelerated or decelerated motion with a change of frequency and expounds the classical physical mechanism of quantum generation. Based on this, the quantization of electron orbital energy level of hydrogen atom and the phenomenon of spectrum are explained without Bohr's “quantization hypothesis.” In addition, the photoelectric effect is explained by using the modified quantum concept. The modified quantum concept and its mechanism of classical physics break the gap between macro and micro physics, eliminate the contradiction between “classical physics” and “quantum mechanics,” and lay an important foundation for the reconstruction of unified macro and micro physics.