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Results in Physics

Analysis of quantum scattering characteristics for a cone illuminated with multiphoton in the remote sensing scene

Zhifu Tian, Tao Hu, Di Wu, Shu Wang, Yuqiao Zhang

Published Nov 30, 2022• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum radar cross sections (QRCS) for the targets are the critical basis for the optimization designs of stealth structures and quantum detection strategy. According to the three-dimensional structure of the conical surface, the one-dimensional Fourier expression of conical multiphoton QRCS in a gradually illuminated area is established using the two-dimensional Fourier expression of QRCS. The advantages of the derived expression in computational complexity are analyzed and verified by simulations. The influence of radius, height, and incident photon numbers on the QRCS for a cone is analyzed. The results show that there are scattering peaks in the center and the direction orthogonal to the side. The scattering peak in the center is proportional to the bottom radius and inversely proportional to the height. In addition, the height mainly affects the side scattering peak, and with the increase in height, the side scattering peak becomes sharp. With the radius increase, the scattering peaks at the center and both sides become sharp. With the increase of incident photon number, the width of scattering main lobe will be narrowed, and the peak difference between main lobe and side lobe will be increased, which indicates that fewer photons are beneficial to the detection of sidelobe, and more photons are beneficial to the detection of the main lobe. This work will help optimize the quantum detection strategy and stealth structure design of the missile and aircraft head, which will provide prior information for research in many fields, such as photonic technology, radar technology, and precision metrology.

DOI
10.1016/j.rinp.2022.106138

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The quantum radar cross sections (QRCS) for the targets are the critical basis for the optimization designs of stealth structures and quantum detection strategy. According to the three-dimensional structure of the conical surface, the one-dimensional Fourier expression of conical multiphoton QRCS in a gradually illuminated area is established using the two-dimensional Fourier expression of QRCS. The advantages of the derived expression in computational complexity are analyzed and verified by simulations. The influence of radius, height, and incident photon numbers on the QRCS for a cone is analyzed. The results show that there are scattering peaks in the center and the direction orthogonal to the side. The scattering peak in the center is proportional to the bottom radius and inversely proportional to the height. In addition, the height mainly affects the side scattering peak, and with the increase in height, the side scattering peak becomes sharp. With the radius increase, the scattering peaks at the center and both sides become sharp. With the increase of incident photon number, the width of scattering main lobe will be narrowed, and the peak difference between main lobe and side lobe will be increased, which indicates that fewer photons are beneficial to the detection of sidelobe, and more photons are beneficial to the detection of the main lobe. This work will help optimize the quantum detection strategy and stealth structure design of the missile and aircraft head, which will provide prior information for research in many fields, such as photonic technology, radar technology, and precision metrology.
A closed-form model of bistatic multiphoton quantum radar cross section (QRCS) for the cylindrical surface, the main structure of typical aircraft, especially missiles, is established to analyze the system and scattering characteristics. The influence of curvature of the three-dimensional target on QRCS is analyzed. By comparing and analyzing the bistatic multiphoton QRCS for a cylinder and a rectangular plate, we find that the QRCS for the convex surface target is the extension of the QRCS for the planar target with inhomogeneous atomic arrangement intervals and patterns. The characteristics of cylindrical QRCS are discussed by combining the transceiver system and the photon number of the transmitted signal, and the influences of the cylindrical radius, cylindrical length, and incident photon number on QRCS are analyzed. The bistatic results provide guidance on potential strong scattering directions for the target under various directions of photon incidence. Compared with the plane target, the cylindrical target amplifies scattering intensity near the target surface at the scattering angle side in the bistatic system. A bistatic multiphoton quantum radar system can achieve sharpening and amplification of the main lobe of the QRCS for a cylinder in an extensive scattering angle range. Bistatic multiphoton quantum radar has better visibility for the cylinder with a smaller length. These characteristics will provide prior information for research in many fields, such as photonic technology, radar technology, and precision metrology.
A closed-form model of multiphoton quantum radar cross-section (QRCS) in the monostatic scenes is constructed for rectangular flat plates based on quantum interference and uncertainty. The model is justified by the comprehensive analysis of the model parameters in the model building process. Then, we use the model to quantitatively analyze the main lobe enhancement effect of multiphoton QRCS, which means that the more incident photons will enhance the main lobe magnitude of QRCS with other factors being the same. Moreover, we predict that enhancement effects might also exist for the side lobe close to the main lobe. In addition, we present the specific conditions for side lobe enhancement. On this basis, the enhancement angle range is defined to unify the description of the main lobe and side lobe enhancement effects. The influencing factors of the enhancement angle range are clarified. The results exhibit that the angle range of enhancement in multiphoton QRCS fluctuates with the change of target size and incident wavelength. All enhancement effects are exponentially related to the incident photon number. This work brings the description of multiphoton QRCS into the closed-form model analysis stage, which will provide prior information for research in many fields, such as photonic technology, radar technology, and precision metrology.
In the traditional radar, radar cross section (RCS) is used to represent the echo intensity that the target scattered. The modulation signals are used in the traditional radar systems to detect the targets based on principle of induced radiation, which makes the targets with geometric shape stealth design hard to detect. Quantum radar systems employ photons to detect targets. The processes of absorption and emission of photons follows the rules of quantum electrodynamics. The quantum scattering is not sensitive to the shape design of the targets, which can be used to enhance detection capability of radar system. Quantum radar cross section (QRCS) is used to analyze the performance of quantum radars. A computation method of QRCS based on spatial correlation is proposed in this paper to improve the performance of the quantum radar system. Multiple detectors are used to collect the quantum scattering signals of the target. The spatial correlation characteristics of scattered signals are extracted to represent the quantum scattering characteristics of the target. The randomness of atom-photon scattering process is efficiently used in this method, which can enhance detection capability of radar system. The method proposed in this paper is verified by numerical simulation. In addition, the multiphoton scattering of a typical three-dimensional target is studied in this paper. The results show that quantum radar with multiphoton as transmitting signal may have better detection capability. These results are of great significance to further study the quantum scattering characteristics of complex targets. The research of quantum radar system based on spatial correlation detection is a potential research direction especially for the stealth target detection.
We derive a modified analytical expression of a quantum radar cross section (QRCS). Subsequently, we present a comparison between the QRCS and a classical radar cross section (RCS) and analyze the factors that can affect the intensity of the peak and side lobes. Simulation results on a flat rectangular plate demonstrate that QRCS has a similar structure to that of RCS. The analysis of side-lobe structure can benefit the design of quantum stealth platforms as well as the research on quantum radars.
Quantum radar is a new detection technology based on the mechanism of quantum physics and is promising for enhancing radar target detection capability. In this letter, the quantum radar equation is established based on the traditional radar equation; meanwhile, how the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) influences target detection performance and how QRCSs for some typical targets distribute are investigated via simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio increases with the QRCS, the peak values of side-lobes of the QRCS for the cylinder surface fluctuate little, and the QRCS for corner reflectors almost exhibits no variations in a wide range of incident angles. The results listed above can benefit the signal design and performance evaluation of quantum radar as well as the design of quantum stealthy targets.
Quantum radar cross section (QRCS) is studied in this paper, which has an objective measure of the quantum scattering ability of a specified target. The interaction process between quantum radar and the target is introduced, and new results about quantum scattering characteristics of typical targets are reported. Simulation results demonstrate that the number of side lobes of QRCS is dependent on the target size and the interatomic distance; values of QRCS increase with the increasing of the signal photon frequency. For the cylinder target, QRCS increased as the radius increases. The work and results can be beneficial to the design of quantum radar system as well as the development of remote sensing of earth observation.