Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Chinese Physics B

Novel traveling quantum anonymous voting scheme via GHZ states

Wenhao Zhao, Min Jiang

Published Oct 19, 2022• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on traveling ballot mode, we propose a secure quantum anonymous voting via Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states. In this scheme, each legal voter performs unitary operation on corresponding position of particle sequence to encode his/her voting content. The voters have multiple ballot items to choose rather than just binary options “yes” or “no”. After counting votes phase, any participant who is interested in voting results can obtain the voting results. To improve the efficiency of the traveling quantum anonymous voting scheme, an optimization method based on grouping strategy is also presented. Compared with the most existing traveling quantum voting schemes, the proposed scheme is more practical because of its privacy, verifiability and non-repeatability. Furthermore, the security analysis shows that the proposed traveling quantum anonymous voting scheme can prevent various attacks and ensure high security.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/ac9b2e

Related papers

Quantum Distributed Ballot Scheme Based on Entanglement Swapping

Xiaoping Lou, Zhigang Chen

We proposed a novel quantum distributed ballot scheme using swapping quantum entanglement of Bell states. The entanglement is distributed over separated voter's sites; physical inaccessibility of any one site is sufficient to guarantee the anonymity of the votes. The ballot information is encoded by local operations performed on the particles of entangled EPR states, which ensures the security present scheme. The checking phase is designed in detail based on entanglement swapping. The security of these protocols with respect to various kinds of attack is discussed.

IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom)•Nov 1, 2011•1 citation

Quantum anonymous voting protocol based on single-particle

Jiang-Shan Liu, Yuancheng Li, Qing-Le Wang +2 more

Abstract Anonymous voting is often one decision-making choice in many democracies. Facing the security threats from quantum computers, classical anonymous voting protocols based on computational complexity hypothesis have innovated to quantum anonymous voting protocols based on quantum mechanics. In this paper, we propose a quantum anonymous voting protocol by using high-dimension single particles. With the help of EA and T , the construction of our protocol makes each legitimate voter cast only one ballot, and all ballots open in a quite random rearrangement. Each voter can anonymously trace his/her vote by a private position index, thus our protocol achieving the precious properties of eligibility, privacy, no-reusability, verifiability and fairness. We also analyze that the protocol can successfully resist attacks from external eavesdroppers and internal participants, ensuring that our voting protocol is secure under ideal conditions. Designing mature quantum anonymous voting protocols is challenging.

Physica Scripta•Mar 26, 2021•8 citations

Experimental Quantum Electronic Voting

Nicolas Laurent-Puig, Matilde Baroni, Federico Centrone +1 more

Quantum information protocols offer significant advantages in properties such as security, anonymity, and privacy for communication and computing tasks. An application where guaranteeing the highest possible security and privacy is critical for democratic societies is electronic voting. As computational power continues to evolve, classical voting schemes may become increasingly vulnerable to information leakage. In this work, we present the experimental demonstration of an information-theoretically secure and efficient electronic voting protocol that, crucially, does not rely on election authorities, leveraging the unique properties of quantum states. Our experiment is based on a high-performance source of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states and realizes a proof-of-principle implementation of the protocol in two scenarios: a configuration with four voters and two candidates employing privacy enhancement techniques and an election scenario supporting up to eight voters and sixteen candidates. The latter is particularly well-suited for secure board-level elections within organizations or small-scale governmental contexts.

quant-pharXiv:2512.03924•Physical Review Letters•Dec 4, 2025•3 citations

Multi-object quantum traveling ballot scheme

李渊 Yuan Li, 曾贵华. Guihua Zeng

Based on quantum mechanics, a traveling ballot scheme with anonymity and secrecy is introduced to realize voting.By searching the objects in large amount of data bases, every voter may cast votes to his desired candidates.Therefore, the proposed scheme may be applied to voting with a great deal of candidates, such as network voting and so on.The security analysis of the present scheme is also performed.

Chinese Optics Letters•Jan 1, 2009•3 citations

Quantum Distributed Ballot Scheme Based on Greenberger–Home–Zeilinger State

Shi Rong-Hua, Ying Wu, Ying Guo +1 more

Motivated by the complementary relations of the Greenherger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled triplet-particle states, a novel way of realizing quantum distributed ballot scheme is proposed. The ballot information is encoded by local operations performed on the particles of entangled GHZ triplet states, which ensures the security of the present scheme. In order to guarantee the security of this scheme, the checking phase is designed in detail on the basis of the entangled GHZ triplet state. The analysis shows the security of the proposed scheme.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Aug 1, 2010•1 citation

Quantum voting protocols based on the non-symmetric quantum channel with controlled quantum operation teleportation

Wang Yu-wu, Wei Xiang-he, Zhu Zhao-Hui

In the paper, we present a kind of quantum voting protocol, which is based on controlled quantum teleportation of local unitary operations in non-symmetric quantum channel. In this protocol, the umpire CA with zero knowledge proof quantum identity authentication ensures voter’s anonymous identity authentication. The counting institution Bob generates a high-dimensional Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entangled state to establish a high-dimensional quantum communication channel. Performing the local unitary operation on their low-dimensional quantum ballot, voter’s quantum vote is teleportated by asymmetric matrix measurement and scrutineer Charlie auxiliary measuring. With the scrutineer Charlie’s help, Bob achieves the voting result by the output of unitary operation. Compared with other general quantum operation teleportation quantum voting protocol, the protocol utilizes the quantum information and transmission of quantum channel, which have different dimensions, so single particle information cannot be stolen, and can prevent forgery. The electoral process is fair and undeniable, owing to Charlie’s supervision. Since the success probability of quantum teleportation of local unitary operations is 1, the quantum voting is reliable.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2013•14 citations
Based on traveling ballot mode, we propose a secure quantum anonymous voting via Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states. In this scheme, each legal voter performs unitary operation on corresponding position of particle sequence to encode his/her voting content. The voters have multiple ballot items to choose rather than just binary options “yes” or “no”. After counting votes phase, any participant who is interested in voting results can obtain the voting results. To improve the efficiency of the traveling quantum anonymous voting scheme, an optimization method based on grouping strategy is also presented. Compared with the most existing traveling quantum voting schemes, the proposed scheme is more practical because of its privacy, verifiability and non-repeatability. Furthermore, the security analysis shows that the proposed traveling quantum anonymous voting scheme can prevent various attacks and ensure high security.
We proposed a novel quantum distributed ballot scheme using swapping quantum entanglement of Bell states. The entanglement is distributed over separated voter's sites; physical inaccessibility of any one site is sufficient to guarantee the anonymity of the votes. The ballot information is encoded by local operations performed on the particles of entangled EPR states, which ensures the security present scheme. The checking phase is designed in detail based on entanglement swapping. The security of these protocols with respect to various kinds of attack is discussed.
Abstract Anonymous voting is often one decision-making choice in many democracies. Facing the security threats from quantum computers, classical anonymous voting protocols based on computational complexity hypothesis have innovated to quantum anonymous voting protocols based on quantum mechanics. In this paper, we propose a quantum anonymous voting protocol by using high-dimension single particles. With the help of EA and T , the construction of our protocol makes each legitimate voter cast only one ballot, and all ballots open in a quite random rearrangement. Each voter can anonymously trace his/her vote by a private position index, thus our protocol achieving the precious properties of eligibility, privacy, no-reusability, verifiability and fairness. We also analyze that the protocol can successfully resist attacks from external eavesdroppers and internal participants, ensuring that our voting protocol is secure under ideal conditions. Designing mature quantum anonymous voting protocols is challenging.
Quantum information protocols offer significant advantages in properties such as security, anonymity, and privacy for communication and computing tasks. An application where guaranteeing the highest possible security and privacy is critical for democratic societies is electronic voting. As computational power continues to evolve, classical voting schemes may become increasingly vulnerable to information leakage. In this work, we present the experimental demonstration of an information-theoretically secure and efficient electronic voting protocol that, crucially, does not rely on election authorities, leveraging the unique properties of quantum states. Our experiment is based on a high-performance source of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states and realizes a proof-of-principle implementation of the protocol in two scenarios: a configuration with four voters and two candidates employing privacy enhancement techniques and an election scenario supporting up to eight voters and sixteen candidates. The latter is particularly well-suited for secure board-level elections within organizations or small-scale governmental contexts.
Motivated by the complementary relations of the Greenherger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled triplet-particle states, a novel way of realizing quantum distributed ballot scheme is proposed. The ballot information is encoded by local operations performed on the particles of entangled GHZ triplet states, which ensures the security of the present scheme. In order to guarantee the security of this scheme, the checking phase is designed in detail on the basis of the entangled GHZ triplet state. The analysis shows the security of the proposed scheme.
In the paper, we present a kind of quantum voting protocol, which is based on controlled quantum teleportation of local unitary operations in non-symmetric quantum channel. In this protocol, the umpire CA with zero knowledge proof quantum identity authentication ensures voter’s anonymous identity authentication. The counting institution Bob generates a high-dimensional Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entangled state to establish a high-dimensional quantum communication channel. Performing the local unitary operation on their low-dimensional quantum ballot, voter’s quantum vote is teleportated by asymmetric matrix measurement and scrutineer Charlie auxiliary measuring. With the scrutineer Charlie’s help, Bob achieves the voting result by the output of unitary operation. Compared with other general quantum operation teleportation quantum voting protocol, the protocol utilizes the quantum information and transmission of quantum channel, which have different dimensions, so single particle information cannot be stolen, and can prevent forgery. The electoral process is fair and undeniable, owing to Charlie’s supervision. Since the success probability of quantum teleportation of local unitary operations is 1, the quantum voting is reliable.