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Journal of the Indian Institute of Science

A Decade of Advancement of Quantum Sensing and Metrology in India Using Cold Atoms and Ions

Pranab Dutta, S. Sagar Maurya, Kushal Patel, Korak Biswas, Jay Mangaonkar, Sumit Sarkar, Umakant D. Rapol

Published Oct 11, 2022• 11 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s41745-022-00335-8

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AMO experiments have advanced the fields of precision metrology for time and frequency and quantum sensing in the last decades. Laser locked on accurate frequency reference are central to these experiments to adress atomic transition and manipulate the atomic clouds. The prospects that the portability of these experiments can offers have motivated the devellopement of portable frequency reference . In this work, a fibered frequency reference based on hollow-core photonic crystal fibers is presented. The spectrocopy of acetylene gas trapped in the fiber using a modulation transfer spectroscopy is studied and the stability of a frequency lock is characterised. The application of this technique offers numerous benefits such as compactness, robustness, and the capacity for a fully fibered laser system using telecom lasers. This approach aims to enhance portability and robustness in a variety of applications, including satellite navigation, quantum sensing, and telecommunications networks.Additionally, the thesis extends to developing an architecture for an OPLL based on FPGA, applied to Raman beams. A minimal architecture aims to establish low-noise phase lock, enabling cold atom coherent manipulation, using a reduced amount of components while offering the versatility of a digitally design phase lock loop.

•Nov 3, 2023•0 citations
Laser-cooled atoms are a key quantum medium for atomic clocks, precision metrology, and atom interferometers, and they hold strong potential to advance quantum technologies for position, navigation, and timing. Realizing this potential requires moving cold-atom systems beyond laboratory environments. Integrated photonic chips provide a path forward by improving reliability and reducing size, weight, and power consumption, enabling portable and compact quantum sensors for real-world applications. This review surveys recent progress in laser-cooled atomic platforms, with a focus on the key components that enable on-chip integration of cold-atom systems. We discuss on-chip laser stabilization and linewidth-narrowing techniques, enhanced photon–atom coupling at the chip scale, miniaturized high-vacuum chambers, and the integration of on-chip magnetic coils for cold-atom sensing. Together, these developments are critical to the deployment of chip-scale cold-atom devices in both fundamental atomic physics and practical sensing applications. We conclude with an outlook on next-generation integrated cold-atom platforms and their potential impact on quantum technologies.
Quantum sensors use quantum properties of atoms, ions, spins or light to measure physical quantities — magnetic fields, time, temperature, rotation — with very high sensitivity. Several of these sensors are now moving from physics laboratories into biomedical research, most visibly in wearable magnetoencephalography based on optically pumped magnetometers and in nanoscale sensing using nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond. For India, which combines a large disease burden, uneven access to advanced diagnostics and a new national commitment to quantum technologies, quantum sensing raises a practical question: which applications could reach patients, and what would it take? This paper reviews the main classes of quantum sensors relevant to health, assesses their technology readiness, and identifies application areas that fit Indian health-system needs, including neurological diagnostics, cardiac monitoring and point-of-care testing. It then proposes a five-stage translational pathway — from need definition to health-system adoption — and highlights enablers that Indian institutions would need: clinical partnerships, regulatory pathways for novel devices, affordable shielding and engineering, health technology assessment and skills. The paper is a perspective and does not report experimental results or describe any proprietary device.
AMO experiments have advanced the fields of precision metrology for time and frequency and quantum sensing in the last decades. Laser locked on accurate frequency reference are central to these experiments to adress atomic transition and manipulate the atomic clouds. The prospects that the portability of these experiments can offers have motivated the devellopement of portable frequency reference . In this work, a fibered frequency reference based on hollow-core photonic crystal fibers is presented. The spectrocopy of acetylene gas trapped in the fiber using a modulation transfer spectroscopy is studied and the stability of a frequency lock is characterised. The application of this technique offers numerous benefits such as compactness, robustness, and the capacity for a fully fibered laser system using telecom lasers. This approach aims to enhance portability and robustness in a variety of applications, including satellite navigation, quantum sensing, and telecommunications networks.Additionally, the thesis extends to developing an architecture for an OPLL based on FPGA, applied to Raman beams. A minimal architecture aims to establish low-noise phase lock, enabling cold atom coherent manipulation, using a reduced amount of components while offering the versatility of a digitally design phase lock loop.