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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Routing single photons from a trapped ion with photonic integrated circuits

Uday Saha, James Siverns, John Hannegan, Mihika Prabhu, Eric A. Bersin, Saumil Bandyopadhyay, Jacques Carolan, Qudsia Sara Quraishi, Dirk Englund, Edo Waks A

Published Jan 1, 2022• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Trapped ions excel as quantum networking nodes. Here, we use integrated photonic circuits to route and directionally switch single photons emitted by an ion. This is a key step towards scalable trapped ion quantum networks.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2022.fth5o.1

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Trapped ions are promising candidates for nodes of a scalable quantum network due to their long-lived qubit coherence times and high-fidelity single- and two-qubit gates. Future quantum networks based on trapped ions will require a scalable way to route photons between different nodes. Photonic integrated circuits from fabrication foundries provide a compact solution to this problem. However, these circuits typically operate at telecommunication wavelengths that are incompatible with the strong dipole emissions of trapped ions. In this work, we demonstrate the routing of single photons from a trapped ion using a photonic integrated circuit. We employ quantum frequency conversion to match the emission of the ion to the operating wavelength of a foundry-fabricated silicon nitride photonic integrated circuit, achieving a total transmission of 31.0% \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.9% through the device. Using programmable phase shifters, we switch the single photons between the output channels of the circuit and demonstrate a 50:50 beam splitting condition. These results constitute an important step towards programmable routing and entanglement distribution in large-scale quantum networks and distributed quantum computers.
We route the single photons from a trapped barium ion in a nanophotonic circuit. For this routing, we first generate C-band telecom single photons from barium ion which makes them compatible with the silicon-nitride photonic foundry. Then using the thermo-optic property of silicon-nitride, we switch the single photons in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer controlling the current of the phase-shifter. These results could enable a new generation of compact and reconfigurable integrated photonic devices that can serve as efficient quantum interconnects for quantum computers and sensors.
Recent advances in quantum technologies rely on precise control and integration of quantum objects, and technological breakthroughs are anticipated for further scaling up to realize practical applications. Trapped-ion quantum technology is a promising candidate to realize them, while its scalability depends on the development of intra-node scaling up, reproducibility of quantum nodes, and photonic interconnection among them. Utilization of integrated photonics instead of free-space optics is a crucial step toward mass production of trapped-ion quantum nodes and manifests itself as useful for laser delivery for various quantum operations and photon detection. However, the whole architecture of the scalable photonic circuits for them is left unexplored. In this work, we discuss photonic routing architectures for trapped-ion quantum devices, in which lasers of multiple wavelengths are delivered to multiple trapping zones within a single chip. We analyze two methods of configuring nanophotonic waveguides and compare them in terms of loss of total laser power. This work opens up a new landscape of photonic architecture for trapped-ion quantum technologies, which broadens the scope of integrated photonics for quantum technologies.