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Chaos Solitons & Fractals

Recurrence of a class of quantum Markov chains on trees

Abdessatar Barhoumi, Abdessatar Souissi

Published Oct 6, 2022• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The problem of recurrence for quantum Markov chains on trees (QMCT), is more subtle than for 1D quantum Markov chains (QMC); it involves infinitely many rays due to the exponential growth of ramifications on the Cayley trees and their relevant constraints. We study criteria for recurrence of QMCT based on the correlations functions and boundary conditions. These represent a bridge between recurrence and phase transitions. Furthermore, we illustrate our results through an Ising model with competing interactions.

DOI
10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112644

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The problem of recurrence for quantum Markov chains on trees (QMCT), is more subtle than for 1D quantum Markov chains (QMC); it involves infinitely many rays due to the exponential growth of ramifications on the Cayley trees and their relevant constraints. We study criteria for recurrence of QMCT based on the correlations functions and boundary conditions. These represent a bridge between recurrence and phase transitions. Furthermore, we illustrate our results through an Ising model with competing interactions.
The main aim of the present paper is to provide a new construction of quantum Markov chain (QMC) on arbitrary order Cayley tree. In that construction, a QMC is defined as a weak limit of finite volume states with boundary conditions, i.e. QMC depends on the boundary conditions. Note that this construction reminds statistical mechanics models with competing interactions on trees. If one considers one dimensional tree, then the provided construction reduces to well-known one, which was studied by the first author. Our construction will allow to investigate phase transition problem in a quantum setting.
The main aim of the present paper by means of the quantum Markov chain (QMC) approach is to establish the existence of a phase transition for the quantum Ising model with competing XY interaction. In this scheme, the C*-algebraic approach is employed to the phase transition problem. Note that these kinds of models do not have one-dimensional analogs, i.e., the considered model persists only on trees. It turns out that if the Ising part interactions vanish, then the model with only competing XY-interactions on the Cayley tree of order two does not have a phase transition. By phase transition, we mean the existence of two distinct QMCs that are not quasi-equivalent and their supports do not overlap. Moreover, it is also shown that the QMC associated with the model has a clustering property, which implies that the von Neumann algebras corresponding to the states are factors.
Quantum Markov chains (QMCs) and open quantum random walks (OQRWs) represent different quantum extensions of the classical Markov chain framework. QMCs stand as a more profound layer within the realm of Markovian dynamics. The exploration of both QMCs and OQRWs has been a predominant focus over the past decade. Recently, a significant connection between QMCs and OQRWs has been forged, yielding valuable applications. This bridge is particularly impactful when studying QMCs on tree structures, where it intersects with the realm of phase transitions in models naturally arising from quantum statistical mechanics. Furthermore, it aids in elucidating statistical properties, such as recurrence and clustering. The objective of this paper centers around delving into the intricate structure of QMCs on Cayley trees in relation to OQRWs. The foundational elements of this class of QMCs are built upon using classical probability measures that encompass the hierarchical nature of Cayley trees. This exploration unveils the pivotal role that the dynamics of OQRWs play in shaping the behavior of the Markov chains under consideration. Moreover, the analysis extends to their classical counterparts. The findings are further underscored by the examination of notable examples, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the outcomes.
In this work, we construct a quantum Markov chain (QMC) associated by the classical Ising model with competing interactions on the Cayley tree of order two. In the construction QMC is defined as a weak limit of finite volume states on quasi-local algebras with boundary conditions. We point out that phase transitions in a quantum setting play an important role to understand quantum spin systems We have defined a notion of phase transition in QMC scheme. Namely, such a notion is based on the quasi-equivalence of QMC. Therefore, such a phase transition is purely non-commutative. In this work we establish the existence of the phase transition in the following sense: there exists two quantum Markov states which are not quasi-equivalent. It turns out that the found critical temperature coincides with usual critical temperature.