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Coherent interactions of low pressure atomic hydrogen with light emitted by an extremely hot black source.

Jacques Moret‐Bailly

Published Aug 1, 2017• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

For a long time, coherent interactions of light with gas wereconsidered as negligible [1]. After discovery of lasers, manyapplications were found [2], thought it remains discussions [3].Here, we study propagation of light emitted by the simplestsource (a very hot blackbody), and propagating in the simplestmedium (collisionless atomic hydrogen), because it seems thatthis work was never done. For this, we use only well known,theoretically and experimentally studied laws of physics.

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For a long time, coherent interactions of light with gas wereconsidered as negligible [1]. After discovery of lasers, manyapplications were found [2], thought it remains discussions [3].Here, we study propagation of light emitted by the simplestsource (a very hot blackbody), and propagating in the simplestmedium (collisionless atomic hydrogen), because it seems thatthis work was never done. For this, we use only well known,theoretically and experimentally studied laws of physics.
By confusing the radiance of a single mode light beam, constant in a transparent medium, with the irradiance which decreases away from the source, Menzel purports to show that coherent interactions of light with the diluted media of astrophysics, are negligible. Therefore, to study the interaction of light with gases, astrophysicists use Monte Carlo computations which work to study nuclear systems, but not optics: optical modes which may be defined in inhomogeneous media or for the emissions of single atoms interact coherently with these systems: a unique formula represents, according to the sign of a parameter, absorption and coherent emission. The optical and spectroscopic properties of a very simple model, an extremely hot source in an isotropic cloud of pure, low pressure, initially cold, huge hydrogen cloud are studied using Planck's and Einstein's theories. The similarities of the images and the spectra of this simple model with astronomical observations, for instance of SNR1987A, Einstein cross, lyman break galaxies, quasars,... is so large that this model may be an elementary first step in the study of many astrophysical objects. Adaptations of the model to complex astrophysical systems could represent them using only the old, standard theories of physics commonly used in laser spectroscopy.
Experiments with atomic hydrogen are widespread because hydrogen is the simplest and theoretically most accessible atom. This is not only true for isolated atoms, but also for spin-polarised gases of cold hydrogen. In this unique system, in which the total spins of all the hydrogens are parallel, the atoms only interact in one of the large number of possible molecular potentials. This potential (Known as 3 Σ) does not allow bound states, leading to the expectation that spin-polarised hydrogen remains gaseous down to zero kelvin. But the lack of a suitable laser source for cooling hydrogen has prevented experimenters investigating the wealth of new physics expected at these temperatures.
The criticism by W. E. Lamb, W. Schleich, M. Scully, C. Townes of a simplified quantum electrodynamics which represents the photon as a true particle is illustrated. Collisions being absent in low-pressure gas, exchanges of energy are radiative and coherent. Thin shells of plasma containing atoms in a model introduced by Strömgren are superradiant, seen as circles possibly dotted. Spectral radiance of novae has magnitude of laser radiance, and column densities are large in nebulae: Superradiance, multiphoton effects, etc., work in astrophysics. The superradiant beams induce multiphotonic scatterings of light emitted by the stars, brightening the limbs of plasma bubbles and darkening the stars. In excited atomic hydrogen, impulsive Raman scatterings shift frequencies of light. Microwaves exchanged with the Pioneer probes are blueshifted, simulating anomalous accelerations. Substituting coherence for wrong calculations in astrophysical papers, improves results, avoids "new physics".
The theory of relativity is essentially the culmination of classical physics. Although revisions in our concepts of space and time are necessitated by both the special and general theories of relativity, the notion of causality, in which a cause precedes its effect, remains intact in the relativistic formulations of electrodynamics and mechanics and of gravitation. An upper limit is set on the speed of bodies, and of the propagation of energy, and physical quantities are often defined operationally, but once we adjust ourselves to these new rules, our representations of physical processes proceed pretty much as they did in classical physics. On the other hand, quantum theory seems to require a much more profound philosophical revision of our thought patterns. Even the viability of the usual meaning of a causal connection between one event and another is there called into question. SOME HISTORICAL BACKGROUND We begin with a brief and highly selective review of the experimental and theoretical problems that formed the conceptual backdrop to the emergence of quantum theory. We focus attention first on an important phenomenon – blackbody radiation – that was instrumental for the formulation of quantum mechanics. A blackbody is defined as a surface that absorbs all of the electromagnetic radiation that falls onto it. It is picturesquely so named since any light incident on such a body would be absorbed, making it appear black (at least at typical temperatures in our environment). A blackbody also emits radiation.