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LIGHT INTERFERENCE SCATTERED FROM A QUANTUM DOT PAIR

Sergiu Carlig, Mihai A. MACOVEI

Published Mar 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We investigate the spatial interference pattern of the spontaneous emitted light scattered from a laser-pumped quantum dot pair. The phonon influence on the interference phenomena is rigorously analyzed. In particular, the interference pattern visibility is asymmetrical with respect to the laser-dot frequency resonance. The interference phenomenon persists even at the exact resonance in contrast to the similar effect obtained for a real atomic pair in the case of intense pumping.

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We investigate the spatial interference pattern of the spontaneous emitted light scattered from a laser-pumped quantum dot pair. The phonon influence on the interference phenomena is rigorously analyzed. In particular, the interference pattern visibility is asymmetrical with respect to the laser-dot frequency resonance. The interference phenomenon persists even at the exact resonance in contrast to the similar effect obtained for a real atomic pair in the case of intense pumping.
A comprehensive review is given of investigations, both theoretical and experimental, that demonstrate interference to take place even when the fields involved are produced by independent sources. The physical situation is rather different for coherent and incoherent fields. In the first case, where the sources are lasers, a conventional interference pattern can be observed which is adequately described by the classical theory. In the present paper, special attention is paid to the question of whether this interference persists when the two laser beams become strongly attenuated. In the second case, the sources are individual atoms excited by a pumping mechanism, that emit spontaneously and, hence, independently from each other. In those circumstances, no interference pattern can show up. However, it becomes evident from both the classical and the quantum-mechanical theory that interference effects can still be established by observing intensity correlations rather than the intensity itself. This point is discussed in greater detail. The pioneering experiments of Forrester, Gudmundson and Johnson, and Brown and Twiss are reviewed in this context. Especially interesting from the theoretical point of view is the case of two emitting atoms, since then the classical and the quantum-mechanical description differ significantly, the quantum theory predicting the intensity correlations to be distinctly stronger than those following from classical considerations. This specific quantum-mechanical feature is shown to be intimately connected with the corpuscular aspect of light.
We study the quantum dynamics of an array of coherently driven two-level atoms coupled to an optical resonator. In the strong coupling regime the cavity field generated by atomic scattering interferes destructively with the pump on the atoms. In this configuration atomic excitation is suppressed even for strong driving fields, while the stationary intracavity field amplitude is almost independent of the atom number. The magnitude of this interference effect depends on the detuning between laser and cavity field and on the relative atomic positions and is strongest when the atoms are ordered in a wavelength spaced lattice placed at the antinodes of the cavity mode. In this case three dimensional intensity minima are created in the vicinity of each atom. We analyze the mechanical forces in the regime where the interference condition is fulfilled, and show that the atomic pattern is mechanically stable whenever the driving frequency is red detuned with respect to the cavity frequency, irrespective of the atomic transition frequency
We report a joint experimental and theoretical study of the interference properties of a single-photon source based on a In(Ga)As quantum dot embedded in a quasiplanar GaAs microcavity. Using resonant laser excitation with a pulse separation of 2 ns, we find near-perfect interference of the emitted photons, and a corresponding indistinguishability of $\mathcal{I}=(99.6{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}_{\ensuremath{-}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}1.4}^{+\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}0.4})%$. For larger pulse separations, quasiresonant excitation conditions, increasing pump power, or with increasing temperature, the interference contrast is progressively and notably reduced. We present a systematic study of the relevant dephasing mechanisms and explain our results in the framework of a microscopic model of our system. For strictly resonant excitation, we show that photon indistinguishability is independent of pump power, but strongly influenced by virtual phonon-assisted processes which are not evident in excitonic Rabi oscillations.
We study the crucial role played by the solid-state environment in determining the photon emission characteristics of a driven quantum dot. For resonant driving, we predict a phonon enhancement of the coherently emitted radiation field with increasing driving strength, in stark contrast to the conventional expectation of a rapidly decreasing fraction of coherent emission with stronger driving. This surprising behavior results from thermalization of the dot with respect to the phonon bath and leads to a nonstandard regime of resonance fluorescence in which significant coherent scattering and the Mollow triplet coexist. Off resonance, we show that despite the phonon influence, narrowing of dot spectral sideband widths can occur in certain regimes, consistent with an experimental trend.
The possibility of realization of collective resonance fluorescence of extended systems of atoms in the strong travel and standing laser waves it is demonstrated. The influence of regular arrangement of the atoms in interaction with the laser pulls on the fluorescence intensity is analyzed. Taking in to account that such interference can be realize in two distant atomic ensembles we analyzed the collective interference phenomena between the fluorescent fields in the farther field detection region. These effects depend on the exchange integrals between systems of atoms through vacuum fluorescence field. The fluorescence spectrum of these atoms is found. About similar coherence interference experiment of spontaneous emission of light from two distant solid-state ensembles of atoms that are coherently excited by a short laser pulse it is reported in the papers [1,2]. For example, in paper [1] it is observed the entanglement between two distant atomic ensembles located in distinct apparatuses on different tables. Quantum interference in the detection of a photon emitted by one of the samples projects the otherwise independent ensembles into an entangled state with one joint excitation stored remotely in 105 atoms at each site. The experiment [2] relate about the ensembles of erbium ions doped into two LiNbO3 crystals with channel wave guides, which are placed in the two arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The light that is spontaneously emitted after the excitation pulse shows first-order interference. By a strong collective enhancement of the emission, the atoms behave as ideal two-level quantum systems and no which-path information is left in the atomic ensembles after emission of a photon. Influence of geometry of the sample on the coherent phenomena between two distant systems of atoms in this report is presented.
We report a Franson interferometry experiment based on correlated photon pairs generated via frequency-filtered scattered light from a near-resonantly driven two-level semiconductor quantum dot. In contrast to spontaneous parametric down-conversion and four-wave mixing, this approach can produce single pairs of correlated photons. We have measured a Franson visibility as high as 66%, which goes beyond the classical limit of 50% and approaches the limit of violation of Bell's inequalities (70.7%).