Elements of Classical Cryptography

I. V. Volovich, Ya.I. Volovich

Lectures on classical and quantum cryptography. Contents: Private key cryptosystems. Elements of number theory. Public key cryptography and RSA cryptosystem. Shannon`s entropy and mutual information. Entropic uncertainty relations. The no cloning theorem. The BB84 quantum cryptographic protocol. Security proofs. Bell`s theorem. The EPRBE quantum cryptographic protocol.

Elette Boyle, Mohammad Mahmoody

Eike Kiltz, Vinod Vaikuntanathan

Harshita Jasoliya, Kaushal Arvindbhai Shah

The security of our data is the prime priority as it is said “Data is the new Oil”. Nowadays, most of our communications are either recorded or forged. There are algorithms used under classical encryption, such as Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), digital signature, elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC), and more, to protect our communication and data. However, these algorithms are breakable with the help of Quantum Cryptography. In addition, this technology provides the most secure form of communication between entities under the fundamental law of Physics. Here, we are abiding to discuss the term “Quantum Cryptography.” The aim of this paper is to explore the knowledge related to the Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution; and their elements, implementation, and the latest research. Moreover, exploration of the loopholes and the security of Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure and current used classical cryptographic algorithms are described in the paper.

Elette Boyle, Mohammad Mahmoody

Ritesh Kumar Jain, Kamal Kant Hiran, Gaurav Paliwal

Quantum Cryptography is an approach to securing communications by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. Unlike traditional classical cryptography, which uses mathematical techniques to restrict eavesdroppers, quantum cryptography is focused on the physics of information. The security of these transmissions is based on the inviolability of the laws of quantum mechanics. The quantum cryptography relies on two important elements of quantum mechanics-the Heisenberg Uncertainty principle and the principle of photon polarization. This paper summarizes the current state of quantum cryptography and the real–world application implementation of this technology.