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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Interactions of polar quantum systems with light

Karolina Słowik, Piotr Gładysz, Giovanni Scala, Piotr Wcisło, Francesco Vincenzo Pepe, Paolo Facchi A, Saverio Pascazio

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We discuss how spatial asymmetry of quantum systems quantified in terms of permanent dipole moments influences their emission properties in different light-matter interaction regimes. Applications for spontaneous emission suppression and coherent emis-sion are explored.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jtu3a.1

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The Rabi Hamiltonian, describing the interaction between a two-level atomic system and a single-cavity mode of the electromagnetic field, is one of the fundamental models in quantum optics. The model becomes exactly solvable by considering an atom without permanent dipole moments, whose excitation energy is quasiresonant with the cavity photon energy, and by neglecting the nonresonant (counter-rotating) terms. In this case, after including the decay of either the atom or the cavity mode to a continuum, one can derive the well-known phenomenology of quasiresonant transitions, including the fluorescence triplets. In this work we consider the most general Rabi model, incorporating the effects of permanent atomic electric dipole moments. Based on a perturbative analysis, we compare the intensities of emission lines induced by rotating terms, counter-rotating terms, and parity-symmetry-breaking terms in order to identify the parameter regimes in which these different contributions play a significant role. The analysis reveals that the emission strength related to the existence of permanent dipoles may surpass the one due to the counter-rotating interaction terms but is usually much weaker than the emission due to the main, resonant coupling. This ratio can be modified in systems with a reduced dimensionality or by engineering the energy spectral density of the continuum.
Rabi oscillations is a key phenomenon among the variety of quantum optical effects that manifests itself in the periodic oscillations of a two-level system between the ground and excited states when interacting with electromagnetic field. Commonly, the rate of these oscillations scales proportionally with the magnitude of the electric field probed by the two-level system. Here, we investigate the interaction of light with a two-level quantum emitter possessing permanent dipole moments. The semi-classical approach to this problem predicts slowing down and even full suppression of Rabi oscillations due to asymmetry in diagonal components of the dipole moment operator of the two-level system. We consider behavior of the system in the fully quantized picture and establish the analytical condition of Rabi oscillations collapse. These results for the first time emphasize the behavior of two-level systems with permanent dipole moments in the few photon regime, and suggest observation of novel quantum optical effects.
Many optically active systems possess spatially asymmetric electron orbitals. These generate permanent dipole moments, which can be stronger than the corresponding transition dipole moments, significantly affecting the system dynamics and creating polarized Fock states of light. We derive a master equation for these systems with an externally applied driving field by employing an optical polaron transformation that captures the photon mode polarization induced by the permanent dipoles. This provides an intuitive framework to explore their influence on the system dynamics and emission spectrum. We find that permanent dipoles introduce multiple-photon processes and a photon sideband, which causes substantial modifications to single-photon transition dipole processes. In the presence of an external drive, permanent dipoles lead to an additional process that we show can be exploited to control the decoherence and transition rates. We derive the emission spectrum of the system, highlighting experimentally detectable signatures of optical polarons, and measurements that can identify the parameters in the system Hamiltonian, the magnitude of the differences in the permanent dipoles, and the steady-state populations of the system.