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Research in Optical Sciences

Quantum Holograms based on the Faraday Interaction. Spontaneous Emission in Such Systems

Denis V. Vasilyev

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a scheme for parallel spatially multimode quantum memory for light based on Faraday interaction in spin polarized atomic ensembles. Also we study decoherence processes which appear due to spontaneous emission in such systems.
DOI
10.1364/hilas.2012.jt2a.27

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We propose a scheme for parallel, spatially multimode quantum memory for light. The scheme is based on the propagation in different directions of a quantum signal wave and strong classical reference wave, like in a classical volume hologram and the previously proposed quantum volume hologram [D. V. Vasilyev et al., Phys. Rev. A 81, 020302(R) (2010)]. The medium for the hologram consists of a spatially extended ensemble of cold spin-polarized atoms. In the absence of the collective spin rotation during the interaction, two passes of light for both storage and retrieval are required, and therefore the present scheme can be called a double-pass quantum volume hologram. The scheme is less sensitive to diffraction and therefore is capable of achieving a higher density of storage of spatial modes as compared to the previously proposed thin quantum hologram [D. V. Vasilyev et al., Phys. Rev. A 77, 020302(R) (2008)], which also requires two passes of light for both storage and retrieval. However, the present scheme allows one to achieve a good memory performance with a lower optical depth of the atomic sample as compared to the quantum volume hologram. A quantum hologram capable of storing entangled images can become an important ingredient in quantum information processing and quantum imaging.
A spatially multimode scheme of the quantum memory for light is presented that can be considered to be a thin hologram, whose long-lived spin subsystem of a multiatomic ensemble stores image peculiarities, such as the multimode superposition and entangled quantum states, which is unattainable for ordinary holography. In the recording process, the measurement of polarization parameters of the transmitted light wave and the feedback are used for the action on an ensemble of fixed atoms (obtained, for example, by means of the laser cooling). The information capacity of a quantum hologram with a feedback will considerably exceed that of a spatially singlemode quantum memory.
In light–matter interfaces based on the Faraday effect, quite a number of quantum information protocols have been successfully demonstrated. In order to further increase the performance and fidelities achieved in these protocols, a deeper understanding of the relevant noise and decoherence processes needs to be gained. In this paper, we provide for the first time a complete description of the decoherence from spontaneous emission. We derive from first principles the effects of photons being spontaneously emitted into unobserved modes. Our results relate the resulting decay and noise terms in effective equations of motion for collective atomic spins and the forward-propagating light modes to the full atomic level structure. We illustrate and apply our results to the case of a quantum memory protocol. Our results can be applied to any alkali atoms, and the general approach taken in this paper can be applied to light–matter interfaces and quantum memories based on different mechanisms.