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Photonics

Generation of Three-Mode Entanglement Based on Parametric Amplifiers Using Quantum Entanglement Swapping

Hailong Wang, Ning Ru, Pingwei Lin

Published Sep 23, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum entanglement swapping is one of the most promising quantum techniques to create or manipulate large-scale multi-mode entanglement between two distant quantum entangled systems. In this work, a scheme for the generation of three-mode entanglement based on parametric amplifiers using quantum entanglement swapping has been proposed. The newly generated three-mode entanglement is always present in the whole power gain region from parametric amplifiers and its dependence on transmission loss and feedforward gain is also investigated. In addition, the effects of power gain, transmission loss, and feedforward gain on the two-mode entanglement of the three pairs in the newly generated three-mode entanglement have also been analysed in detail. The results presented here may find some practical applications in quantum secure communication.

DOI
10.3390/photonics9100687

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A concurrent parametric amplifier consisting of two pump beams is used to investigate the possibility of generating multi-mode correlation and entanglement. The existence of three-mode entanglement is demonstrated by analyzing the violation degree of three-mode entanglement criteria, including the sufficient criterion, i.e., two-condition and optimal single-condition criterion, and necessary and sufficient criterion, i.e., positivity under partial transposition (PPT) criterion. Besides, two-mode entanglement generated from any pair is also studied by using the Duan criterion and PPT criterion. We find that three-mode entanglement and two-mode entanglement of the two pairs are present in the whole parameter region. Our results pave the way for the realization and application of multi-mode correlation and entanglement based on the concurrent parametric amplifiers.
The tripartite entanglement generated from a cascaded parametric amplifier is always present in the whole gain region in the ideal condition. However, in practical applications, the quantum entanglement is very fragile and easily deteriorated by quantum noise from interactions with external environments, e.g., the avoidable attenuation and amplification operations may lead to some degradation effects on the quantum entanglement. Therefore, in this work, bipartite entanglement for the three pairs and tripartite entanglement in this cascaded parametric amplifier under the circumstances of attenuation and amplification operations are analyzed by using positivity under partial transposition criterion. The results show that tripartite entanglement is robust to the deterioration effects from the attenuation and amplification operations rather than bipartite entanglement. Our results may find some practical applications of multipartite quantum entanglement in quantum secure communications.
In this work we study the production and swapping of non-Gaussian multipartite entanglement in a setup containing a parametric amplifier which generates three photons in different modes coupled to three qubits. We prove that the entanglement generated in this setup is of non-Gaussian nature. We introduce witnesses of genuine tripartite non-Gaussian entanglement, valid for both mode and qubit entanglement. Moreover, those witnesses show that the entanglement generated among the photons can be swapped to the qubits, and indeed the qubits display non-Gaussian genuine tripartite entanglement over a wider parameter regime, suggesting that our setup could be a useful tool to extract entanglement generated in higher-order parametric amplification for quantum metrology or quantum computing applications.
In previous work we have shown that a dual nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) coherent feedback network tolerates transmission losses better and has stronger entanglement (i.e., enhanced two-mode squeezing) than a single NOPA over the same transmission distance. The aim of this paper is to investigate stability, entanglement degree and power consumption of a coherent feedback interconnection of three NOPAs, which connects two spatially separated parties over two transmission channels. The influence of transmission losses in the transmission channels is considered and numerical calculations are given to illustrate advantages for entanglement generation of the triple-NOPA coherent feedback network over a dual-NOPA coherent feedback system.
Abstract As a key element in quantum repeaters, entanglement swapping establishes entanglement between two independent entangled states. Besides entanglement, quantum steering has been identified as an essential quantum resource and has broad applications in quantum communication. Although entanglement swapping has been realized experimentally, quantum steering swapping still remains a challenge since the condition of quantum steering is stronger than that of entanglement. In this article, quantum steering swapping between a three‐mode and a two‐mode Gaussian entangled state in a lossy channel is demonstrated. By choosing the optimum gain in the classical channel that corresponds to the maximum transmission distance, the one‐way and two‐way steerabilities in a new three‐mode Gaussian state located in distant nodes are achieved. The obtained collective steerability from two users to one user has potential application in quantum secret sharing. The results make a crucial step toward applications of quantum steering in asymmetric quantum information processing.