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Physical Review A

Mode-superposition-induced transparency

Khoa V. Bui, Albert T. Rosenberger

Published Sep 9, 2022• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Induced transparency in a microresonator can result from cross-polarization coupling of two coresonant orthogonally polarized whispering-gallery modes of very different $Q$. The coupling creates supermodes that are superpositions of the two modes. In this paper we show that mode superpositions that result from simultaneous excitation of two orthogonally polarized modes can also show induced transparency, even in the absence of cross-polarization coupling. Induced transparency is accompanied by pulse delay, and it is also possible to observe induced attenuation with pulse advancement or delay. These effects are modeled, simulated numerically, analyzed theoretically, and confirmed experimentally. The results are presented here.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.106.033504

Related papers

Experimental study of induced transparency or absorption and slow or fast light using orthogonally polarized whispering gallery modes of a single microresonator

Khoa V. Bui, Albert T. Rosenberger

Induced transparency and absorption effects are observed in the throughput of a hollow bottle microresonator using either mode coupling or superposition of two coresonant orthogonally polarized whispering gallery modes of very different quality factors (Q). The first method is based on intracavity cross polarization coupling when either the TE mode or the TM mode is driven, resulting in coupled mode induced transparency (CMIT) and coupled mode induced absorption (CMIA). The second method is based on superposition of the throughputs when the two modes are simultaneously driven by input light linearly polarized at an angle of 45° with respect to the TE-TM basis of the resonator, and throughput of the same polarization is detected. In this way, superposition can be created even in the absence of cross polarization coupling. The observations using the second method are referred to as coresonant polarization induced transparency and absorption (CPIT, CPIA). Coresonance between the TE and TM modes can be obtained by strain tuning. The above behaviors are analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption (EIT, EIA), and enable slow light and fast light, i.e., the delay or advancement of an incident resonant pulse. Experimental results representative of several different types of behavior are presented here. Induced transparency is seen to be accompanied by pulse delay, whereas induced absorption can be accompanied by pulse advancement or delay. The results are analyzed and explained by simple analytical modeling and by comparison to the output of a more detailed numerical model describing these effects.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Mar 7, 2016•7 citations

Comparison of methods for achieving induced transparency or absorption with pulse delay or advancement in a single microresonator

Albert T. Rosenberger

Induced transparency and absorption effects can be observed in the throughput of an optical microresonator that has two coresonant modes with very different quality factors. There are several different methods for achieving these effects, which enable slow light and fast light, i.e., the delay or advancement of an incident resonant pulse. For example, mode coupling can be employed. This coupling can take place between modes of the same polarization or modes of orthogonal polarization. Another method is based on superposition, when two orthogonally polarized modes are driven simultaneously by linearly polarized input light and throughput of the same polarization as the input is detected. In general, induced transparency is accompanied by pulse delay, whereas induced absorption can be accompanied by pulse advancement or delay. A number of different methods for producing induced transparency or absorption are compared here. Several properties are considered for comparison. One involves the widths of the induced transparency or absorption window and of the corresponding spectral region of steep dispersion. Achievable pulse delays or advancements, along with pulse distortion and delay-bandwidth (or advancement-bandwidth) products, are also compared. Different methods allow for different amounts of control over various system parameters, and these are compared as well. The differences among the several methods are evaluated in consideration of suitability for employment in various applications.

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EIT analogs using orthogonally polarized modes of a single whispering-gallery microresonator

Albert T. Rosenberger

The throughput of a single fiber-coupled whispering-gallery microresonator, such as a fused-silica microsphere, can exhibit behavior analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption (EIT, EIA). These effects enable slow and fast light, respectively, in the form of pulse delay or advancement. Two different methods can be used to realize this behavior; in both methods, the key feature is the use of two coresonant orthogonally polarized whisperinggallery modes of very different quality factor (Q). The first method relies on intracavity cross-polarization coupling when only one mode is driven, and the second method uses a simple superposition of orthogonal throughputs (in the absence of intracavity cross-polarization mode coupling) when the two modes are simultaneously driven. We refer to the behavior observed using the first method as coupled-mode induced transparency and absorption (CMIT, CMIA), and the behavior of the second method as coresonant polarization induced transparency and absorption (CPIT, CPIA). In both cases, polarization-sensitive detection of the throughput is used, and the EIT/EIA analog features are observed on the same polarization component as that of the linearly polarized input. Some predictions of a numerical model of these processes are presented here. In addition to a discussion of these predictions, which assume conditions accessible to experiment, some experimental results are briefly described.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Mar 6, 2013•9 citations

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Khoa V. Bui

In this dissertation, the major research is to produce induced transparency and pulse delay or induced absorption and pulse advancement using orthogonally polarized whispering gallery TE and TM modes of a single microresonator (either microsphere or hollow bottle resonator). For background, we introduce the three-level atomic Lambda system, interacting with a probe field and a much stronger coupling field, in which destructive interference between the direct and indirect absorption paths between the ground and excited levels of the system produces the induced transparency feature in the probe transmission (EIT). Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) of the transmitted power occurs when the coupling field is strong. Constructive interference caused by the transfer of coherence and transfer of population between the hyperfine sublevels of the ground and excited states of the system can produce an induced absorption feature (EIA). These EIT/ATS and EIA effects enable slow and fast light. Next, we describe the coupled resonator induced transparency and absorption effects (CRIT, and CRIA). Due to the evanescent coupling between the coresonant whispering-gallery modes of the same polarization from two microspheres, the net throughput power in the coupled resonator system has features analogous to the EIT and EIA phenomena described previously. Then, we introduce two new methods to produce the EIT/EIA-like features of throughput power. The first method relies on the intracavity coupling between two orthogonally polarized TE and TM modes of very different quality factor Q when one mode (either TE or TM) is driven, and the second method uses the superposition of the orthogonal throughputs (in the absence of intracavity cross polarization mode coupling) when the two modes are simultaneously driven. In both cases, the throughput has the same polarization as the input. We refer to the behavior observed using the first method as coupled mode induced transparency and absorption (CMIT, CMIA) and the behavior of the second method as coresonant polarization induced transparency and absorption (CPIT, CPIA). Some predictions of the scattering model of these processes are presented here. In addition, the experiment-fitting by using both scattering and rotational models for CMIT/ATS with pulse delay and CMIA with both pulse delay and pulse advancement when using with microsphere and hollow bottle resonator are presented

•Jul 1, 2016•0 citations

Induced transparency and absorption in coupled whispering-gallery microresonators

Ahmer Naweed, George Farca, Siyka I. Shopova +1 more

Optical behavior analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption is observed in experiments using coupled fused-silica microspheres. This behavior results from interference between coresonant whispering-gallery modes of the two spheres. Coupled-resonator-induced transparency and absorption are observed. Which effect is seen depends on the strength of coupling of incident light from a tapered fiber into the first sphere and on the strength of coupling between the two spheres. The observed effects can enhance microresonator performance in various applications.

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Induced Transparency Analog in Throughput from Excited Coresonant Modes with Orthogonal Polarizations

Albert T. Rosenberger

Analog induced transparency (and absorption) effects, including slow (fast) light, can be observed by driving coresonant, but noninteracting, microresonator modes having orthogonal polarizations. The conditions necessary for observation of these effects are described.

Frontiers in Optics•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations
Induced transparency in a microresonator can result from cross-polarization coupling of two coresonant orthogonally polarized whispering-gallery modes of very different QQQ. The coupling creates supermodes that are superpositions of the two modes. In this paper we show that mode superpositions that result from simultaneous excitation of two orthogonally polarized modes can also show induced transparency, even in the absence of cross-polarization coupling. Induced transparency is accompanied by pulse delay, and it is also possible to observe induced attenuation with pulse advancement or delay. These effects are modeled, simulated numerically, analyzed theoretically, and confirmed experimentally. The results are presented here.
Induced transparency and absorption effects are observed in the throughput of a hollow bottle microresonator using either mode coupling or superposition of two coresonant orthogonally polarized whispering gallery modes of very different quality factors (Q). The first method is based on intracavity cross polarization coupling when either the TE mode or the TM mode is driven, resulting in coupled mode induced transparency (CMIT) and coupled mode induced absorption (CMIA). The second method is based on superposition of the throughputs when the two modes are simultaneously driven by input light linearly polarized at an angle of 45° with respect to the TE-TM basis of the resonator, and throughput of the same polarization is detected. In this way, superposition can be created even in the absence of cross polarization coupling. The observations using the second method are referred to as coresonant polarization induced transparency and absorption (CPIT, CPIA). Coresonance between the TE and TM modes can be obtained by strain tuning. The above behaviors are analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption (EIT, EIA), and enable slow light and fast light, i.e., the delay or advancement of an incident resonant pulse. Experimental results representative of several different types of behavior are presented here. Induced transparency is seen to be accompanied by pulse delay, whereas induced absorption can be accompanied by pulse advancement or delay. The results are analyzed and explained by simple analytical modeling and by comparison to the output of a more detailed numerical model describing these effects.
Induced transparency and absorption effects can be observed in the throughput of an optical microresonator that has two coresonant modes with very different quality factors. There are several different methods for achieving these effects, which enable slow light and fast light, i.e., the delay or advancement of an incident resonant pulse. For example, mode coupling can be employed. This coupling can take place between modes of the same polarization or modes of orthogonal polarization. Another method is based on superposition, when two orthogonally polarized modes are driven simultaneously by linearly polarized input light and throughput of the same polarization as the input is detected. In general, induced transparency is accompanied by pulse delay, whereas induced absorption can be accompanied by pulse advancement or delay. A number of different methods for producing induced transparency or absorption are compared here. Several properties are considered for comparison. One involves the widths of the induced transparency or absorption window and of the corresponding spectral region of steep dispersion. Achievable pulse delays or advancements, along with pulse distortion and delay-bandwidth (or advancement-bandwidth) products, are also compared. Different methods allow for different amounts of control over various system parameters, and these are compared as well. The differences among the several methods are evaluated in consideration of suitability for employment in various applications.
The throughput of a single fiber-coupled whispering-gallery microresonator, such as a fused-silica microsphere, can exhibit behavior analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption (EIT, EIA). These effects enable slow and fast light, respectively, in the form of pulse delay or advancement. Two different methods can be used to realize this behavior; in both methods, the key feature is the use of two coresonant orthogonally polarized whisperinggallery modes of very different quality factor (Q). The first method relies on intracavity cross-polarization coupling when only one mode is driven, and the second method uses a simple superposition of orthogonal throughputs (in the absence of intracavity cross-polarization mode coupling) when the two modes are simultaneously driven. We refer to the behavior observed using the first method as coupled-mode induced transparency and absorption (CMIT, CMIA), and the behavior of the second method as coresonant polarization induced transparency and absorption (CPIT, CPIA). In both cases, polarization-sensitive detection of the throughput is used, and the EIT/EIA analog features are observed on the same polarization component as that of the linearly polarized input. Some predictions of a numerical model of these processes are presented here. In addition to a discussion of these predictions, which assume conditions accessible to experiment, some experimental results are briefly described.
In this dissertation, the major research is to produce induced transparency and pulse delay or induced absorption and pulse advancement using orthogonally polarized whispering gallery TE and TM modes of a single microresonator (either microsphere or hollow bottle resonator). For background, we introduce the three-level atomic Lambda system, interacting with a probe field and a much stronger coupling field, in which destructive interference between the direct and indirect absorption paths between the ground and excited levels of the system produces the induced transparency feature in the probe transmission (EIT). Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) of the transmitted power occurs when the coupling field is strong. Constructive interference caused by the transfer of coherence and transfer of population between the hyperfine sublevels of the ground and excited states of the system can produce an induced absorption feature (EIA). These EIT/ATS and EIA effects enable slow and fast light. Next, we describe the coupled resonator induced transparency and absorption effects (CRIT, and CRIA). Due to the evanescent coupling between the coresonant whispering-gallery modes of the same polarization from two microspheres, the net throughput power in the coupled resonator system has features analogous to the EIT and EIA phenomena described previously. Then, we introduce two new methods to produce the EIT/EIA-like features of throughput power. The first method relies on the intracavity coupling between two orthogonally polarized TE and TM modes of very different quality factor Q when one mode (either TE or TM) is driven, and the second method uses the superposition of the orthogonal throughputs (in the absence of intracavity cross polarization mode coupling) when the two modes are simultaneously driven. In both cases, the throughput has the same polarization as the input. We refer to the behavior observed using the first method as coupled mode induced transparency and absorption (CMIT, CMIA) and the behavior of the second method as coresonant polarization induced transparency and absorption (CPIT, CPIA). Some predictions of the scattering model of these processes are presented here. In addition, the experiment-fitting by using both scattering and rotational models for CMIT/ATS with pulse delay and CMIA with both pulse delay and pulse advancement when using with microsphere and hollow bottle resonator are presented
Optical behavior analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption is observed in experiments using coupled fused-silica microspheres. This behavior results from interference between coresonant whispering-gallery modes of the two spheres. Coupled-resonator-induced transparency and absorption are observed. Which effect is seen depends on the strength of coupling of incident light from a tapered fiber into the first sphere and on the strength of coupling between the two spheres. The observed effects can enhance microresonator performance in various applications.