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International Conference on Sciences of Electronics, Technologies of Information and Telecommunications

Quantum cryptography for the benefit of API keys safety

Aymen Ghilen, Amel Mohamed essaket Zahou, Wiem Abedelmonem Ben Khalifa

Published May 28, 2022• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

To cope with the unauthorized access to the cloud treasure of resources and services, several cloud service providers implement the API-based access control approach and grant thus a full authentication of any client application. Once called, each cloud API (Application Programming Interface) is required to authenticate through a secret access key, commonly termed API key. A plethora of security risks is associated with these keys whether during their generation, storage, or utilization. The hardware secure element-based proposal aims for an end-to-end security between a cloud service provider and a client application. To ensure a reliable and secure API key exchange, the concerned entities rely on Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). As soon as an adversary acquires an unbounded computing power, it would be easy to intercept the keys and then unlock the gate behind the valuables over the cloud. In this paper, we propose a revised scheme that discards the PKI and installs a quantum mechanism to mutually authenticate the secure element and the cloud service provider by establishing a set of shared keys. A pioneering absolute security of the presented approach is warranted by the principles of quantum physics. To analyze the security of the quantum technology, we establish a formal verification based on PRISM model checking tool. We outstandingly focus on satisfying two prominent properties: (i) both the parties engaged in the quantum protocol are able to detect any disallowed eavesdropping and (ii) the valid amount of information caught by an adversary on the installed key must be negligible.

DOI
10.1109/setit54465.2022.9875712

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To cope with the unauthorized access to the cloud treasure of resources and services, several cloud service providers implement the API-based access control approach and grant thus a full authentication of any client application. Once called, each cloud API (Application Programming Interface) is required to authenticate through a secret access key, commonly termed API key. A plethora of security risks is associated with these keys whether during their generation, storage, or utilization. The hardware secure element-based proposal aims for an end-to-end security between a cloud service provider and a client application. To ensure a reliable and secure API key exchange, the concerned entities rely on Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). As soon as an adversary acquires an unbounded computing power, it would be easy to intercept the keys and then unlock the gate behind the valuables over the cloud. In this paper, we propose a revised scheme that discards the PKI and installs a quantum mechanism to mutually authenticate the secure element and the cloud service provider by establishing a set of shared keys. A pioneering absolute security of the presented approach is warranted by the principles of quantum physics. To analyze the security of the quantum technology, we establish a formal verification based on PRISM model checking tool. We outstandingly focus on satisfying two prominent properties: (i) both the parties engaged in the quantum protocol are able to detect any disallowed eavesdropping and (ii) the valid amount of information caught by an adversary on the installed key must be negligible.
Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability are basic goals of security architecture. To ensure CIA, many authentication scheme has been introduced in several years. Currently deployment of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a most significant solution. PKI involving exchange key using certificates via a public channel to a authenticate users in the cloud infrastructure. It is exposed to widespread security threats such as eavesdropping, the man in the middle attack, masquerade et al. Quantum cryptography is of the most prominent fields in the modern world of information security. Quantum cryptography is considered to be a future replica of classical cryptography along with a vital stance to break existing classical cryptography. This paper aims to look into basic security architecture in place currently and further it tries to introduce a new proposed security architecture for cloud computing environment, which makes use of the knowledge of Quantum Mechanics and current advances in research in Quantum Computing, to provide a more secure architecture.
The widespread cryptographic methods RSA and AES have become more susceptible to quantum-based attacks because researchers developed quantum algorithms such as Shor's and Grover's. QKD chromosomes from quantum mechanics grant authorized parties the ability to exchange cryptographic keys securely alongside built-in eavesdropping detection functionality. In the proposed method a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is used to integrate into cloud environments to secure data against quantum threats which have become crucial security concerns today. A new security framework for combining QKD with standard cloud utilities strengthens both access privacy and verify data integrity and ensure authentication of user information. The system framework consists of key generation from quantum elements followed by distribution through quantum channels to support secure communication protocols for Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) as well as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The key performance evaluation of the QKD system includes measurements of key generation rate together with Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) and eavesdropping detection accuracy rates. The analysis against traditional cryptographic systems proves that QKD stands superior in quantum attack resilience. The proposed system demonstrates its efficiency and robustness through simulation outcomes as well as visual representations. The presented work demonstrates both the revolutionary capability of quantum technology for cloud security along with a deployable system architecture for future systems implementation. The research work advances the creation of cloud infrastructure systems which combine high security resilience to protect against future cyber threats.
The extensive deployment of wireless networks has led to a significant progress in security approaches that aim to protect confidentiality. The current method for exchanging a secret key within 'extensible authentication protocol-transport layer security' (EAP-TLS) protocol is based on public key infrastructure (PKI). Although this technique remains one of the most widely implemented solution to authenticate users and to ensure secure data transmission, its security is only computational. In other words, by the emergence of the quantum computer, the existing cryptosystems will become completely insecure. Improving the contemporary cryptographic schemes by integrating quantum cryptography becomes a much more attractive prospect since its technology does not rely on difficult mathematical problems such as factoring large integers or computing discrete logarithms. Thus, we propose a quantum extension of EAP-TLS that allows exchanging a cryptographic key and authenticating a remote client with unconditional security, ensured by the laws of quantum physics. PRISM tool is applied as a probabilistic model checker to verify specific security properties for the new scheme.
Quantum cryptographic protocols offer transformative potential for enhancing cloud security by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics. These protocols ensure unbreakable encryption through quantum key distribution (QKD), where security is derived from the fundamental properties of quantum particles. Unlike classical encryption, which relies on computational complexity, quantum cryptography guarantees data protection by preventing unauthorized access, as any attempt to intercept quantum keys alters their state and can be immediately detected. This paper explores the application of quantum cryptographic protocols in securing cloud environments, addressing vulnerabilities posed by classical encryption techniques in the face of growing computational power. Key protocols, such as BB84 and E91, are analyzed for their potential in securing cloud infrastructure, offering enhanced confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data. Additionally, this study highlights the integration of quantum cryptography with modern cloud architectures, overcoming challenges such as scalability and implementation cost. By employing quantum-resistant strategies, these protocols provide a robust defense against emerging threats from quantum computing, making them an essential solution for future-proof cloud security. The findings demonstrate that quantum cryptography, combined with advanced cloud security practices, can ensure secure, scalable, and resilient cloud infrastructures capable of protecting sensitive data in an increasingly interconnected digital landscape.
Cloud computing manifests exceptional capacity to facilitate easy to manage, cost effective, flexible and powerful resources across the internet. Due to maximum and shared utilization of utilization of resources, cloud computing enhances the capabilities of resources. There is a dire need for data security in the wake of the increasing capabilities of attackers and high magnitude of sensitive data. Cryptography is employed to ensure secrecy and authentication of data. Conventional information assurance methods are facing increasing technological advances such as radical developments in mathematics, potential to perform big computations and the prospects of wide-ranging quantum computations. Quantum cryptography is a promising solution towards absolute security in cryptosystems. This paper proposes integration of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm with quantum cryptography. The proposed scheme is robust and meets essential security requirements. The simulation results show that the Quantum AES produces complex keys which are hard to predict by adversaries than the keys generated by the AES itself.
A novel computing paradigm, the cloud computing, has become a viable solution on top of virtualization for commoditization of computing resources. Though it has potential to leverage individuals and organizations with plethora of advantages, there are strong security concerns over outsourced data. The existing security models are built with certain assumptions. The solutions like distributed accountability, provable data possession (PDP), Third Party Auditing (TPA) and so on are secure as long as the assumptions hold true. To ensure fool proof security for cloud storage security little research has been made on quantum key cryptography. Since the quantum key distribution is unconditionally secure we propose a new scheme known as CloudQKDP (Quantum Key Distribution Protocol for Cloud Computing) which exploits the benefits of quantum mechanisms to secure cloud storage and data dynamics. We consider a case study in which three parties such as cloud server, data owner and trusted client have provably secure communications with our proposed scheme which uses random oracle model. Our empirical study revealed mixture of success and failure rates with private and public clouds respectively.