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Applied Sciences

Four-Qubit Cluster States Generation through Multi-Coin Quantum Walk

Tianyi Wang, Xiaoguang Chen, Jianxiong Liang

Published Aug 31, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum computing requires large numbers of resources of entangled qubits, which cannot be satisfied using traditional methods of entanglement generation, such as optical systems. Therefore, we need more efficient ways of entanglement generation. It has been proved that multi-coin quantum walks can be used to replace direct Bell state measurements during the process of entanglement generation in order to avoid the difficulty of Bell state measurement. In this paper, we take one step further and generate 4-qubit cluster states using multi-coin quantum walks, which simplifies the generation of 4-qubit cluster states by using only Bell states and local measurements. We also propose a method for preparing 4-qubit cluster states with quantum circuits to facilitate their use in quantum computing.

DOI
10.3390/app12178750

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Quantum computing requires large numbers of resources of entangled qubits, which cannot be satisfied using traditional methods of entanglement generation, such as optical systems. Therefore, we need more efficient ways of entanglement generation. It has been proved that multi-coin quantum walks can be used to replace direct Bell state measurements during the process of entanglement generation in order to avoid the difficulty of Bell state measurement. In this paper, we take one step further and generate 4-qubit cluster states using multi-coin quantum walks, which simplifies the generation of 4-qubit cluster states by using only Bell states and local measurements. We also propose a method for preparing 4-qubit cluster states with quantum circuits to facilitate their use in quantum computing.
Highly entangled states called cluster states are a universal resource for measurement-based quantum computing (QC). Here we propose an efficient method for producing large cluster states using superconducting quantum circuits. We show that a large cluster state can be efficiently generated in just one step by turning on the interqubit coupling for a short time. Because the interqubit coupling is only switched on during the time interval for generating the cluster state, our approach is also convenient for preparing the initial state for each qubit and for implementing one-way QC via single-qubit measurements. Moreover, the cluster state is robust against parameter variations.
Abstract Generation of entangled state is of paramount importance both from quantum theoretical foundation and technology applications. Entanglement swapping provides an efficient method to generate entanglement in quantum communication protocols. However, perfect Bell measurements for qudits, the key to entanglement swapping, have been proven impossible to achieve by using only linear elements and particle detectors. To avoid this bottleneck, we propose a scheme to generate entangled state including two-qubit entangled state, two-qudit entangled state, three-qubit GHZ state and three-qudit GHZ state between several designate parties via the model of quantum walks with multiple coins. Then we conduct experimental realization of Bell state and three-qubit GHZ state between several designate parties on IBM quantum platform and the result has high fidelity by performing quantum tomography. In the end, we give a practical application of our scheme in multiparty quantum secret sharing.
Generation of entangled state is of paramount importance both from quantum theoretical foundation and technology applications. Entanglement swapping provides an efficient method to generate entanglement in quantum communication protocols. However, perfect Bell measurements for qudits, the key to entanglement swapping, have been proven impossible to achieve by using only linear elements and particle detectors. To avoid this bottleneck, we propose a novel scheme to generate entangled state including two-qubit entangled state, two-qudit entangled state, three-qubit GHZ state and three-qudit GHZ state between several designate parties via the model of quantum walks with multiple coins. Then we conduct experimental realization of Bell state and three-qubit GHZ state between several designate parties on IBM quantum platform and the result has high fidelity by preforming quantum tomography. In the end, we give a practical application of our scheme in multiparty quantum secret sharing.
Cluster states serve as the central physical resource for one-way quantum computing. We here present an experimental demonstration of the efficient cluster-state construction scheme proposed by Browne and Rudolph. In our experiment, three-photon cluster states with high purity are created from two Bell states via a qubit ``fusion'' operation, showing a strong violation of a three-particle Mermin inequality of $\ensuremath{\mid}⟨A⟩\ensuremath{\mid}=3.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$. In addition, the entanglement properties of the cluster states are examined under ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{z}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{x}$ measurements on a qubit. This scheme could be extended to any desired number of qubits and represents an essential step for the optical one-way quantum computation.
Measurement-based quantum computation in an optical setup shows great promise towards the implementation of large-scale quantum computation. The difficulty of measurement-based quantum computation lies in the preparation of cluster state. In this paper, we propose the method of generating the large-scale cluster state, which is a platform for measurement-based quantum computation. In order to achieve more complex quantum circuits, the preparation protocol of N-photon cluster state will be proposed as a generalization of the preparation of four- and five-photon cluster states. Furthermore, our proposal is experimentally feasible.