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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Tolerance enhancement of inefficient detection and frequency detuning by non-perfect phase-sensitive amplification in broadband squeezing-based precision measurement

Changchang Zhang, Zhaolu Wang, Hongjun Liu, Nan Huang

Published Aug 24, 2022• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) can significantly improve the degradation caused by inefficient detectors in squeezing-based precision measurements. However, broadband incident light will lead to non-perfect PSA. The present work focused on the enhancement of non-perfect PSA for squeezed states with broad bandwidth for the measurement of weak absorption detection. Numerical calculations of the quantum advantage show that non-perfect PSA can effectively improve the inefficiency of detection in slight drift frequency detuning.

DOI
10.1364/josab.469228

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Quantum states are essential resource for quantum-enhanced applications. Loss incurred in the distribution channel, however, dissipates the high signal-to-noise ratio advantage enjoyed by the squeezed state. Here, we first demonstrate noise immunity enhancement by using phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) with measurement-based noiseless linear amplifier (MB-NLA). We explore the signal transfer capability with the amplifier in a noisy channel. The MB-NLA enhanced PSA has obvious suppression effect on channel noises, especially it has improvement for the noise contaminated signal. Better performance can be achieved by flexibly adjusting amplifier parameters. With the amplifier, it is promising to overcome the entanglement-distribution loss and show its superiority in squeezing based quantum sensing.
The phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) with an injected squeezed vacuum field is theoretically investigated in quantum-enhanced laser detection and ranging (LADAR) receiver. The theoretical model of the amplified process is derived to investigate the quantum fluctuations in detail. A new method of mitigating the unflat gain of nonideal PSA is proposed by adjusting the squeezed angle of the squeezed vacuum field. The simulation results indicate that signal-noise ratio (SNR) of system can be efficiently improved and close to the ideal case by this method. This research will provide an important potential in the applications of quantum-enhanced LADAR receiver.
We demonstrate a balanced-homodyne LADAR receiver employing a phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) to raise the effective photon detection efficiency (PDE) to nearly 100%. Since typical LADAR receivers suffer from losses in the receive optical train that routinely limit overall PDE to less than 50% thus degrading SNR, PSA can provide significant improvement through amplification with noise figure near 0 dB. Receiver inefficiencies arise from sub-unity quantum efficiency, array fill factors, signal-local oscillator mixing efficiency (in coherent receivers), etc. The quantum-enhanced LADAR receiver described herein is employed in target discrimination scenarios as well as in imaging applications. We present results showing the improvement in detection performance achieved with a PSA, and discuss the performance advantage when compared to the use of a phase-insensitive amplifier, which cannot amplify noiselessly.
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Quantum noise fundamentally limits the performance of fiber-optic systems beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL), restricting long-distance quantum key distribution, quantum communication, and precision quantum sensing. To overcome these limitations, quantum-squeezed states enable quadrature-dependent noise suppression, yet their benefits rapidly degrade under fiber attenuation, necessitating low-noise amplification. Since conventional phase-insensitive amplifiers (PIAs) impose a minimum 3 dB noise figure (NF) penalty and disrupt quantum correlations, phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) becomes essential. In this work, we propose a PSA based on dual-pump frequency-degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) to amplify weak coherent squeezed states. Here, the PSA is seeded by an information-carrying single-mode squeezed state, where the information is encoded in the displacement degree of freedom, rather than in the squeezing itself. By optimizing the relative phases among the squeezed state, pump fields, and weak signal, the scheme maintains proper squeezing alignment and preserves the encoded quantum correlations during propagation. Under low-loss conditions, it is shown that the effective NF reaches −7.787 dB, demonstrating that the scheme enables quantum-limited amplification suitable for long-haul transmission and offering a viable path toward scalable fiber-based quantum technologies.